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See also:HUDSON, See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
HENRY , See also:English navigator and explorer. Nothing is known of his See also:personal See also:history excepting such as falls within the See also:period of the four voyages on which his fame rests. The first of these voyages in quest of new See also:trade and a See also:short route to See also:China by way of the See also:North See also:Pole, in accordance with the See also:suggestion of See also:Robert See also:Thorne (d. 1527), was made for the Muscovy See also:Company with ten men and a boy in 1607. Hudson first coasted the See also:east See also:side of See also:Greenland, and being prevented from proceeding northwards by the See also:great See also:ice barrier which stretches thence to Spitzbergen sailed along it until he reached " Newland," as Spitzbergen was then called, and followed its See also:northern See also:coast to beyond 8o° N. See also:lat. On the homeward voyage he accidentally discovered an See also:island in lat. 71° which he named Hudson's Touches, and which has since been identified with See also:Jan See also:Mayen Island. Molineux's See also:chart, published by See also:Hakluyt about 1600, was Hudson's See also:blind See also:guide in this voyage, and the polar See also:map of 1611 by See also:Pontanus illustrates well what he attempted, and the valuable results both negative and See also:positive which he reached. He investigated the trade prospects at See also:Bear Island, and recommended his patrons to seek higher See also:game in Newland; hence he may be called the See also:father of the English See also:whale-See also:fisheries at Spitzbergen.
Next See also:year Hudson was again sent by the Muscovy Company to open a passage to China, this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time by the north-east route between Spitzbergen and Novaya Zemlya, which had been attempted by his predecessors and especially by the Dutch navigator See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Barents. This voyage lasted from the 22nd of See also:April to the 26th of See also:August 16o8. He raked the Barents See also:Sea in vain between 75° 30' N.W. and 710 15' S.E. for an opening through the ice, and on the 6th of See also:July, " voide of See also:hope of'a north-east passage (except by the Waygats, for which I was not fitted to trie or prove)," he resolved to See also:sail to the north-See also:west, and if time and means permitted to run a See also:hundred leagues up Lumley's Inlet (See also:Frobisher Strait) or See also:Davis's " overf all " (Hudson Strait). But his voyage being delayed by contrary winds he was finally compelled to return without accomplishing his wish. The failure of this second See also:attempt satisfied the Muscovy Company, which thenceforward directed all its energies to the profitable Spitzbergen trade.
T7 yards the end of 16o8 Hudson " had a See also:call " to See also:Amsterdam,
where he saw the celebrated cosmographer the Rev: See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter Plancius and the cartographer Hondius, and after some delay, due to the rivalry which was exhibited in the attempt to secure his services; he undertook for the Dutch East See also:India Company his important third voyage to find a passage to China either by the north-east or north-west route. With a mixed See also:- CREW (sometimes explained as a sea term of Scandinavian origin, cf. O. Icel. kris, a swarm or crowd, but now regarded as a shortened form of accrue, accrewe, used in the 16th century in the sense of a reinforcement, O. Fr. acreue, from accrofire, to grow,
- CREW, NATHANIEL CREW, 3RD BARON (1633–1721)
crew of eighteen or twenty men he See also:left the Texel in the " See also:Half-See also:- MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
- MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)
Moon " on the 6th of April, and by the 5th of May was in the Barents Sea, and soon afterwards among the ice near Novaya Zemlya, where he had been the year before. Some of his men becoming disheartened and mutinous (it is now supposed that he had arrived two or three months too See also:early), he lost hope of effecting anything by that route, and submitted to his men, as alternative proposals, either to go to Lumley's Inlet and follow up Waymouth's See also:light, or to make for North See also:Virginia and seek the passage in about 40° lat., according to the See also:letter and map sent him by his friend See also:Captain See also:John See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith. The latter See also:plan was adopted, and on the 14th of May Hudson set his See also:face towards the Chesapeake and China. He touched at Stromo in the Faroe Islands for See also:water, and on the 15th of See also:June off See also:Newfoundland the " Half-Moon " " spent overboard her foremast." This See also:accident compelled him to put into the Kennebec See also:river, where a See also:mast was procured, and some communication and an unnecessary encounter with the See also:Indians took See also:place. Sailing again on the 26th of July, he began on the 28th of August the survey where Smith left off, at 37° 36' according to his map, and coasted northwards. On the 3rd of See also:September, in 40° 30', he entered the See also:fine See also:bay of New See also:York, and after having gone 150 M. Up the river which now bears his name to near the position of the See also:present See also:Albany, treating with the Indians, See also:surveying the See also:country, and trying the stream above See also:tide-water, he became satisfied that this course did not See also:lead to the See also:South Sea or China, a conclusion in See also:harmony with that of See also:Champlain, who the same summer had been making his way south through See also:Lake Champlain and Lake St Sacrement (now Lake See also:George). The two explorers by opposite routes approached within 20 leagues of each other. On the 4th of See also:October the " Half-Moon " weighed for the Texel, and on the 7th of See also:November arrived at See also:Dartmouth, where she was seized and detained by the English See also:government, Hudson and the other Englishmen of the See also:ship being commanded not to leave See also:England, but rather to serve their own country. The voyage had fallen short of Hudson's expectations, but it served many purposes perhaps as important to the See also:world. Among other results it exploded Hakluyt's myth, which from the publication of Lok's map in 1582 to the 2nd See also:charter of Virginia in May 16op he had lost no opportunity of promulgating, that near 4o° lat. there was a narrow See also:isthmus, formed by the sea of Verrazano, like that of See also:Tehuantepec or See also:Panama.
Hudson's confidence in the existence of a North-West Passage had not been diminished by his three failures, and a new company was formed to support him in a See also:fourth attempt, the See also:principal promoters being See also:Sir See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Smith (or Smythe), Sir See also:Dudley See also:Digges and John (afterwards Sir John) Wolstenholme. He determined this time to carry out his old plan of searching for a passage up Davis's " overfall "—so-called in allusion to the over-fall of the tide which Davis had observed rushing through the strait. Hudson sailed from See also:London in the little ship " See also:Discovery " of 55 tons, on the 17th of April 161o, and entered the strait which now bears his name about the See also:middle of June. Sailing steadily westward he entered Hudson Bay on the 3rd of August, and passing southward spent the next three months examining the eastern See also:shore of the bay. On the 1st of November the " Discovery " went into See also:winter quarters in the S.W. corner of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James Bay, being frozen in a few days later, and during the See also:long winter months which were passed there only a scanty See also:supply of game was secured to eke out the ship's provisions. Discontent became rife, and on the ship breaking out.of the ice in .the See also:spring Hudson had a violent See also:quarrel with a dissolute See also:young See also:fellow named Henry See also:Greene, whom he had befriended by taking him on See also:board, and who now retaliated by inciting the discontented See also:part of the crew to put Hudson and eight others (including the sick men) out of the ship. This happened on the22nd of June 1611. Robert Bylot was elected See also:master and brought the ship back to England. During the voyage See also:home Greene and several others were killed in a fight with the See also:Eskimo, while others again died of See also:starvation, and the feeble remnant which reached England in September were thrown into See also:prison. No more tidings were ever received of the deserted men.
„Although it is certain that the four great See also:geographical See also:land-marks which to-See also:day serve to keep Hudson's memory alive, namely the Hudson Bay, Strait, Territory and River, had repeatedly been visited and even See also:drawn on maps and charts before he set out on his voyages, yet he deserves to take a very high See also:rank among northern navigators for the See also:mere extent of his discoveries and the success with which he pushed them beyond the limits of his predecessors. The See also:rich fisheries of Spitzbergen and the See also:fur See also:industry of the Hudson Bay Territory were the immediate See also:fruit of his labours.
See Henry Hudson, the Navigator (Hakluyt Society, 1860) ; and T. A. Janvier, Henry Hudson (1909). In 1909 a great celebration of the tercentenary was held in the See also:United States.
End of Article: HUDSON, HENRY
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