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SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 262 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874) , See also:American reformer and philanthropist, was See also:born in See also:Utica, New See also:York, on the 6th of See also:March 1797. After graduating at See also:Hamilton See also:College in 1818, he assumed the management of the vast See also:estate of his See also:father, See also:Peter Smith (1768-1837), See also:long a partner of See also:John See also:Jacob See also:Astor, and greatly in-creased the See also:family See also:fortune. About 1828 he became an active worker in. the cause of See also:temperance, and in his See also:home See also:village, Peterboro, he built one of the first temperance hotels in the See also:country. He became an abolitionist in 1835, after seeing an See also:anti-See also:slavery See also:meeting at Utica broken up by a See also:mob. In 184o he took a leading See also:part in the organization of the See also:Liberty party, and in 1848 and 18.52 he was nominated for the See also:presidency by the remnant of this organization that had not been absorbed by the See also:Free See also:Soil party. An " See also:Industrial See also:Congress " at See also:Philadelphia also nominated him for the presidency in 1848, and the "See also:Land Reformers " in 1856. In 184o and in 1858 he was a See also:candidate for the governorship of New York on an anti-slavery See also:platform. In 18J3 he was elected to the See also:National See also:House of Representatives as an See also:independent, and issued an address declaring that all men have an equal right to the soil; that See also:wars are brutal and unnecessary; that slavery could be sanctioned by no constitution, See also:state or federal; that free See also:trade is essential to human See also:brother-See also:hood; that See also:women should have full See also:political rights; that the Federal See also:government and the states should prohibit the liquor See also:traffic within their respective jurisdictions; and that government See also:officers, so far as practicable, should be elected by See also:direct See also:vote of the See also:people. At the end of the first session he resigned his seat. After becoming an opponent of land See also:monopoly, he gave numerous farms of fifty acres each to indigent families, and also attempted to colonize tracts in N. New York with free negroes; but this experiment was a failure. Peterboro became a station on the " underground railroad "; and after 1850 Smith furnished See also:money for the legal expenses of persons charged with infractions of the Fugitive Slave See also:Law.

With John See also:

Brown, to whom he gave a See also:farm in See also:Essex See also:county, New York, he became very intimate, and from See also:time to time supplied him with funds, though it seems without knowing that any of the money would be employed in an See also:attempt to incite a slave insurrection. Under the excitement following the See also:raid on Harper's See also:Ferry he became temporarily insane, and for several See also:weeks was confined in an See also:asylum in Utica. He favoured a vigorous See also:prosecution of the See also:Civil See also:War, but at its See also:close advocated a mild policy toward the See also:late Confederate states, declaring that part of the See also:guilt of slavery See also:lay upon the See also:North. He even became one of the securities for See also:Jefferson See also:Davis, thereby incurring the resentment of See also:Northern See also:radical leaders. In See also:religion as in politics Gerrit Smith was a radical. Believing that sectarianism was sinful, he separated from the Presbyterian See also:Church in 1843, and was one of the founders of the Church at Peterboro, a non-sectarian institution open to all Christians of whatever shade of belief. His private benefactions were See also:bound-less; of his gifts he kept no See also:record, but their value is said to have exceeded $8,000,000. Though a See also:man of See also:great See also:wealth his See also:life was one of marked simplicity. He died on the 28th of See also:December 1874, while on a visit to relatives in New York See also:City. See O. B.

End of Article: SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)

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