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See also:ESSEX, See also:ARTHUR See also:CAPEL , 1ST' See also:EARL OF (1632-1683), See also:English statesman, son of Arthur, 1st See also:Baron Capel of Hadham (c. 1641), executed in 1649, and of See also:Elizabeth, daughter and See also:heir of See also:Sir See also:Charles See also:Morrison of Cashiobury in See also:Hertfordshire, was baptized on the 2-8th of See also:January 1632. In See also:June 1648, then a sickly boy of sixteen, he was taken by'See also:Fairfax's soldiers from Hadham to See also:Colchester, which his See also:father was defending, and carried every See also:day See also:round the See also:works with the See also:hope of inducing See also:Lord Capel to surrender the See also:place. At the restoration he was created See also:Viscount See also:Malden and earl of Essex (2othof See also:April 1661), with See also:special See also:remainder to the male issue of his father, and was made lord-See also:lieutenant of Hertfordshire and a few years later of See also:Wiltshire.'
He See also:early showed himself antagonistic to the See also:court, to See also:Roman Catholicism, and to the See also:extension of the royal See also:prerogative, and was coupled by Charles II. with See also:Holles as " stiff and sullen men," who would not yield against their convictions to his solicitations. In 1669 he was sent as See also:ambassador to See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:Christian V. of Den-See also:mark, in which capacity he gained See also:credit by refusing to strike his See also:flag to the See also:governor of Kronborg. In 1672 he was made a privy councillor and lord-lieutenant of See also:Ireland. He remained in See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office till 1697, and his See also:administration was greatly commended by See also:Burnet and See also:Ormonde,' the former describing it "as a See also:pattern to all that come after him." He identified himself with Irish interests, and took immense pains to understand the constitution and the See also:political necessities of the See also:country, appointing men of real merit to office, and maintaining an exceptional See also:independence from solicitation and See also:influence. He held a just See also:balance between the Roman Catholics, the English See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church and the Presbyterians, protecting the former as far as public See also:opinion in See also:England would permit, and governing the native Irish with firmness and moderation. The purity and patriotism of his administration were in strong contrast to the hopeless corruption prevalent in that at See also:home and naturally aroused See also:bitter opposition, as an obstacle to the unscrupulous employment of Irish revenues for the See also:satisfaction of the court and the king's expenses. In particular he came into conflict with Lord See also:Ranelagh, to whom had been assigned the Irish revenues on See also:condition of his supplying the requirements of the See also:crown, and whose accounts Essex refused to pass. He opposed strongly the lavish gifts of forfeited estates to court'favourites and mistresses, prevented the See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant of See also:Phoenix See also:Park to the duchess of See also:Cleveland, and refused to encumber the administration by granting reversions. Finally the intrigues of his enemies at home, and Charles's continual demands for See also:money, which Ranelagh undertook to satisfy, brought about his recall in April 1677. He immediately joined the country party and the opposition to See also:Danby's See also:government, and on the latter's fall in 1679 was appointed a See also:commissioner of the See also:treasury, and the same See also:year a member of Sir See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Temple's new-modelled See also:council, He followed the See also:lead of See also:Halifax, who advocated not the exclusion of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James, but the See also:limitation of his See also:sovereign See also:powers, and looked to the See also:prince of See also:Orange rather than to See also:Monmouth as the See also:leader of Protestantism, incurring thereby the hostility of See also:Shaftesbury, but at the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time gaining the confidence of Charles. He was appointed by Charles together with Halifax to hear the charges against See also:Lauderdale. In See also:July he wrote a See also:wise and statesmanlike See also:letter to the king, advising him to renounce his project of raising a new See also:company of See also:guards. Together with Halifax he urged Charles to summon the See also:parliament, and after his refusal resigned the treasury in See also:November, the real cause being, according to one See also:account,' a demand upon the treasury by the duchess of Cleveland for £25,000, according to another " the niceness of touching See also:French money," " that makes my Lord Essex's squeasy See also:stomach that it can no longer See also:digest his employment." 5
' i.e. in the Capel See also:line.
'Hist. See also:MSS. See also:Comm. See also:ser.; See also:Duke of See also:Beaufort's MSS. 45.
'See also:Life of Ormonde, by T. See also:Carte, viii. 468 (1851), vol. iv. p. 529. ' Hist. MSS. Comm. 7th See also:Rep. app. 477b.
5 lb. 6th Rep. app. 74113.
Subsequently his political attitude underwent a See also:change, the exact cause of which is not clear—probably a growing conviction of the dangers threatened by a Roman See also:Catholic sovereign of the See also:character of James. He now, in 168o, joined Shaftesbury's party and supported the Exclusion See also:Bill, and on its rejection by the Lords carried a See also:motion for an association to execute the See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme of expedients promoted by Halifax. On the 25th of January 1681 at the See also:head of fifteen peers he presented a See also:petition to the king, couched in exaggerated See also:language, requesting the See also:- ABANDONMENT (Fr. abandonnement, from abandonner, to abandon, relinquish; abandonner was originally equivalent to mettred banddn, to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another, bandon being from Low Latin bandum, bannum, order, decree, " ban ")
abandonment of the session of parliament at See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford. He was a jealous prosecutor of the Roman Catholics in the popish See also:plot, and voted for See also:Stafford's See also:- ATTAINDER (from the O. Fr. ataindre, ateindre, to attain, i.e. to strike, accuse, condemn; Lat. attingere, tangere, to touch; the meaning has been greatly affected by the confusion with Fr. taindre, teindre, to taint, stain, Lat. tingere, to dye)
attainder, on the other See also:hand interceding for See also:Archbishop See also:Plunket, implicated in the pretended Irish plot. He, however, refused to follow Shaftesbury in his extreme courses, declined participation in the latter's See also:design to seize the See also:Tower in 1682, and on Shaftesbury's consequent departure from England became the leader of Monmouth's See also:faction, in which were now included Lord See also:- RUSSELL (FAMILY)
- RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
- RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
- RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
- RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
- RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
- RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
- RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
- RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
- RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )
Russell, Algernon See also:Sidney, and Lord See also:Howard of Escrick. Essex took no See also:part in the wilder schemes of the party, but after the See also:discovery of the See also:Rye See also:House Plot in June 1683, and the See also:capture of the leaders, he was arrested at Cashiobury and imprisoned in the Tower. His See also:spirits and fortitude appear immediately to have abandoned him, and on the 13th of July he was discovered in his chamber with his See also:throat cut. His See also:death was attributed, quite groundlessly, to Charles and James, and the See also:evidence points clearly if not conclusively to See also:suicide, his See also:motive being possibly to prevent an attainder and preserve his See also:estate for his See also:family. He, was, however, undoubtedlya victim of the See also:Stuart administration, and theantagonism and tragic end of men like Essex, deserving men, naturally devoted to the See also:throne, constitutes a severe See also:indictment of the Stuart See also:rule.
He was a statesman of strong and sincere patriotism, just and unselfish, conscientious and laborious in the fulfilment of public duties, blameless in his See also:official and private life. See also:Evelyn describes him as " a sober, wise, judicious and pondering See also:person, not illiterate beyond the rule of most noblemen in this See also:age, very well versed in English See also:history and affairs, industrious, frugal, methodical and every way accomplished "; and declares he was much deplored, few believing he had ever harboured any seditious designs.' He married See also:Lady Elizabeth See also:Percy, daughter of Algernon, loth earl of See also:Northumberland, by whom, besides a daughter, he had an only son Algernon (167o-1710), who succeeded him as 2nd earl of Essex.
End of Article: ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
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