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See also:LAUDERDALE, See also:JOHN See also:MAITLAND, See also:DUKE OF (1616–1682) , eldest surviving son of John Maitland, 2nd See also:Lord Maitland of Thirlestane (d. 1645), who was created See also:earl of Lauderdale in 1624, and of See also:Lady See also:Isabel See also:Seton, daughter of See also:Alexander, earl of See also:Dunfermline, and See also:great-See also:grandson of See also:Sir See also:Richard Maitland (q.v.), the poet, a member of an See also:ancient See also:family of See also:Berwickshire, was See also:born on the a4th of May 1616, at.. Lethington. He began publiclife as a zealous adherent of the Presbyterian cause, took the See also:covenant, sat as an See also:elder in the See also:assembly at St See also:Andrews in See also:July 1643, and was sent to See also:England as a See also:commissioner for the covenant in See also:August, and to attend the See also:Westminster assembly in See also:November. In See also:February 1644 he was a member of the See also:committee of both kingdoms, and on the loth of November was one' of the commissioners appointed to treat with the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king at See also:Uxbridge, when he made efforts to persuade See also:Charles to agree to the See also:establishment of See also:Presbyterianism. In 1645 he advised Charles to reject the proposals of the See also:Independents, and in 1647 approved of the king's surrender to the Scots. At this See also:period Lauderdale veered See also:round completely to the king's cause, had several inter-views with him, and engaged in various projects for his restoration, offering the aid of the Scots, on the See also:condition of Charles's consent to the establishment of Presbyterianism, and on the 26th of See also:December he obtained from Charles at See also:Carisbrooke " the engagement " by which Presbyterianism was to be established for three years, schismatics were to be suppressed, and the acts of the Scottish See also:parliament ratified, the king in addition promising to admit the Scottish nobles into public employment in England and to reside frequently in See also:Scotland. Returning to Scotland, in the See also:spring of 1648, Lauderdale joined the party of See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton in See also:alliance with the See also:English royalists. Their defeat at See also:Preston postponed the arrival of the See also:prince of See also:Wales. but Lauderdale had an interview with the prince in the See also:Downs in August, and from this period obtained supreme See also:influence over the future king. He persuaded him later to accept the invitation to Scotland from the See also:Argyll See also:faction, accompanied him thither in 165o and in the expedition into England, and was taken prisoner at See also:Worcester in 1651, remaining in confinement till See also:March z66o. He joined Charles in May 166o at See also:Breda, and, in spite of the opposition of See also:Clarendon and See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
Monk, was appointed secretary of See also:state. From this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time onwards he kept his hold upon the king, was lodged at See also:Whitehall, was " never from the king's See also:ear nor See also:council,"1 and maintained his position against his numerous adversaries by a crafty dexterity in dealing with men, a fearless unscrupulousness, and a robust strength of will, which overcame all opposition. Though a See also:man of considerable learning and intellectual attainment, his See also:character was exception-ally and grossly licentious, and his See also:base and ignoble career was henceforward unrelieved by a single redeeming feature. He abandoned Argyll to his See also:fate, permitted, if he did not assist in, the restoration of See also:episcopacy in Scotland, and after triumphing over all his opponents in Scotland See also:drew into his own hands the whole See also:administration of that See also:kingdom, and proceeded to impose upon it the See also:absolute supremacy of the See also:crown in See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church and state, restoring the nomination of the lords of the articles to the king and initiating severe See also:measures against the See also:Covenanters. In 1669 he was able to boast with truth that " the king is now See also:master here in all causes and over all persons."
His own See also:power was now at its height, and his position as the favourite of Charles, controlled by no considerations of patriotism or statesmanship, and completely See also:independent of the English parliament, recalled the worst scandals and abuses of the See also:Stuart administration before the See also:Civil See also:War. He was a member of the See also:cabal See also:ministry, but took little See also:part in English affairs, and was not entrusted with the first See also:secret treaty of See also:Dover, but gave See also:personal support to Charles in his degrading demands for See also:pensions from See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV. On the 2nd of May 1672 he was created duke of Lauderdale and earl of March, and on the 3rd of See also:June See also:knight of the garter. In 1673, on the resignation of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James in consequence of the Test See also:Act, he was appointed a commissioner for the See also:admiralty. In See also:October he visited Scotland to suppress the dissenters and obtain See also:money for the Dutch War, and the intrigues organized by See also:Shaftesbury against his power in his See also:absence, and the attacks made upon him in the See also:House of See also:Commons in See also:January 1674 and See also:April 1675, were alike rendered futile by the steady support of Charles and James. On the 25th of June 1674 he was created earl of See also:Guilford and See also:Baron Petersham in the See also:peerage of England. His ferocious measures having failed to suppress the conventicles in Scotland, he summoned to his
1 See also:Pepys's See also:Diary, 2nd of March 1664.
aid in 1677 a See also:band of Highlanders, who were sent into the western See also:country. In consequence, a large party of Scottish nobles came to See also:London, made See also:common cause with the English country faction, and compelled Charles to See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order the disbandment of the marauders. In May 1678 another demand by the Commons for Lauderdale's removal was thrown out by See also:court influence by one See also:vote. He maintained his triumphs almost to the end. In Scotland, which he visited immediately after this victory in parliament, he overbore all opposition to the king's demands for money. Another address for his removal from the Commons in England was suppressed by the See also:dissolution of parliament on the 26th of May 1679, and a renewed attack upon him, by the Scottish party and Shaftesbury's faction combined, also failed. On the 22nd of June 1679 the last See also:attempt of the unfortunate Covenanters was suppressed at See also:Bothwell Brig. In 168o, however, failing See also:health obliged Lauderdale to resign the See also:place and power for which he had so See also:long successfully struggled. His vote given for the See also:execution of Lord See also:Stafford on the 29th of November is said also to have incurred the displeasure of James. In 1682 he was stripped of all his offices, and he died in August. Lauderdale married (I) Lady See also:Anne See also:Home, daughter of the 1st earl of Home, by whom he had one daughter; and (2) Lady See also:Elizabeth See also:- MURRAY
- MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
- MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
- MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
- MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
- MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
- MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
- MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
- MURRAY, JOHN
- MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
- MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
- MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
- MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
- MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )
Murray, daughter of the 1st earl of See also:Dysart and widow of Sir Lionel See also:Tollemache. He See also:left no male issue, consequently his dukedom and his English titles became See also:extinct, but he was succeeded in the earldom by his See also:brother Charles (see below).
See Lauderdale Papers Add. See also:MSS. in Brit. See also:Mus., 3o vols., a small selection of which, entitled The Lauderdale Papers, were edited by Osmond See also:Airy for the See also:Camden Society in 1884–1885; Hamilton Papers published by the same society; " Lauderdale See also:Correspondence with See also:Archbishop See also:Sharp," Scottish Hist.
See also:Soc. Publications, vol. 15 (1893) ; See also:Burnet's Lives of the Hamiltons and See also:History of his Own Time; R. See also:Baillie's Letters; S. R. See also:Gardiner's Hist. of the Civil War and of the See also:Commonwealth; Clarendon's Hist. of the See also:Rebellion; and the Quarterly See also:Review, clvii. 407. Several speeches of See also:Lauder-See also:dale are extant. (P. C. Y.)
Earls of Lauderdale.
Charles Maitland, 3rd earl of Lauderdale (d. 1691), became an See also:ordinary lord of session as Lord Halton in 1669, afterwards assisting his brother, the duke, in the management of public business in Scotland. His eldest son, Richard (1653–1695), became the 4th earl. As Lord Maitland he was lord-See also:justice-See also:general from 1681 to 1684; he was an adherent of James II. and after fighting at the See also:battle of the See also:Boyne he was an See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile in See also:France until his See also:death. This earl made a See also:verse See also:translation of See also:Virgil (published 1737). He left no sons, and his brother John (c. 1655–1710) became the 5th earl. John, a sup-See also:porter of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William III. and of the See also:union of England and Scotland, was succeeded by his son Charles (c. 1688–1744), who was the See also:grand-See also:father of James, the 8th earl.
James Maitland, 8th earl of Lauderdale (1759–1839), was a member of parliament from 178o until August 1789 when he succeeded his father in the earldom. In the House of Commons he took an active part in debate, and in the House of Lords, where he was a representative peer for Scotland, he was prominent as an opponent of the policy of See also:Pitt and the English See also:government with regard to France, a country he had visited in 1792. In 18o6 he was made a peer of the See also:United Kingdom as Baron Lauderdale of Thirlestane and for a See also:short time he was keeper of the great See also:seal of Scotland. By this time the earl, who had helped to found the Society of the See also:Friends of the See also:People in 1792, had somewhat modified his See also:political views; this See also:process was continued, and after acting as the See also:leader of the Whigs in Scotland, Lauderdale became a Tory and voted against the Reform See also:Bill of 1832. He died on the 13th of See also:September 1839. He wrote an Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Public See also:Wealth (1804 and 1819), a See also:work which has been translated into See also:French and Italiar and which produced a controversy between the author and Lord See also:Brougham; The Depreciation of the See also:Paper-currency of Great See also:Britain Proved (1812) ; and other writings of a similar nature. He was succeeded by his sons James (1784–186o) and See also:Anthony (1785–1863) as 9th and loth earls. Anthony, a See also:naval officer, died unmarried in March 1863, when his See also:barony of the United Kingdom became extinct, but his Scottish earldom devolved upon a See also:cousin, See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Maitland (1803–1878), a grandson of the 7th earl, who became 11th earl of Lauder-dale. Thomas, who was an See also:admiral of the See also:fleet, died without sons, and the See also:title passed to Charles See also:Barclay-Maitland (1822–1884), a descendant of the 6th earl. When Charles died unmarried, another of the 6th earl's descendants, See also:Frederick See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry Maitland (b. 184o), became 13th earl of Lauderdale.
The earls of Lauderdale are hereditary See also:standard bearers for Scotland.
End of Article: LAUDERDALE, JOHN MAITLAND, DUKE OF (1616–1682)
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