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ANDREWS, THOMAS (1813–1885)

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 974 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ANDREWS, See also:THOMAS (1813–1885) , Irish chemist and physicist, was See also:born on the 19th of See also:December 1813 at See also:Belfast, where his See also:father was a See also:linen See also:merchant. After attending the Belfast See also:Academy and also the Academical Institution, he went to See also:Glasgow in 1828 to study See also:chemistry under See also:Professor Thomas See also:Thomson, and thence migrated to Trinity See also:College, See also:Dublin, where he gained distinction in See also:classics as well as in See also:science. Finally, he graduated as M.D. at See also:Edinburgh in 1835, and settled down to a successful medical practice in his native See also:place, also giving instruction in chemistry at the Academical Institution. Ten years later he was appointed See also:vice-See also:president of the newly established See also:Queen's College, Belfast, and professor of chemistry, and these two offices he held till 1879, when failing See also:health compelled his retirement. He died on the 26th of See also:November 1885. Andrews first became known as a scientific investigator by his See also:work on the See also:heat See also:developed in chemical actions, for which the Royal Society awarded him a Royal See also:medal in 1844. Another important See also:research, undertaken with P. G. See also:Tait, was devoted to See also:ozone. But the work on which his reputation mainly rests, and which best displayed his skill and resourcefulness in experiment, was concerned with the liquefaction of gases. He carried out a very See also:complete inquiry into the See also:laws expressing the relations of pressure, temperature and See also:volume in carbonic dioxide, in particular establishing the conceptions of See also:critical temperature and critical pressure, and showing that the See also:gas passes from the gaseous to the liquid See also:state without any See also:breach of continuity. His scientific papers were published in a collected See also:form in 1889, with a memoir by Professors Tait and Crum See also:Brown.

End of Article: ANDREWS, THOMAS (1813–1885)

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