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THOMSON, THOMAS (1773-1852)

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Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 876 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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THOMSON, See also:THOMAS (1773-1852) , Scottish chemist, was See also:born at See also:Crieff, See also:Perthshire, on the 12th of See also:April 1773. He was educated at the See also:universities of St See also:Andrews and See also:Edinburgh, and after taking the degree of M.D. at the latter See also:place in 1799 established himself there as a teacher of See also:chemistry. From 1796 to 1800 he was sub-editor of the See also:Encyclopaedia Britannica, in See also:succession to his See also:elder See also:brother, See also:JAMES THOMSON (1768-1855), who filled that position in 1745-1796, and who in 18o5 was ordained to the See also:parish of See also:Eccles, See also:Berwickshire; and the chemical and mineralogical articles which he contributed to the supplement to the third edition formed the basis of his See also:System of Chemistry, the first edition of which was published in 1802 and the seventh in 1831. At first this See also:work was merely a compilation, but in the later See also:editions many of his See also:original results were incorporated; the third edition (1807) is noteworthy as containing the first detailed See also:account of the atomic theory, communicated to him by See also:John See also:Dalton himself. In 1811 he See also:left Edinburgh, and after a visit to See also:Sweden went to See also:London, where in 1813 he began to edit the See also:Annals of See also:Philosophy, a monthly scientific See also:journal which in 1827 was merged in the Philosophical See also:Magazine. In 1817 he became lecturer in chemistry at See also:Glasgow University, and in the following See also:year was appointed to the regius See also:professor-See also:ship. This See also:chair he retained until his See also:death, which happened on the and of See also:July 1852 at Kilmun, Argyleshire; but from 1841 he was assisted by his See also:nephew and son-in-See also:law See also:ROBERT DUNDAS THoMsox (1810-1864), who subsequently became medical officer of See also:health for St Marylebone, London, and after 1846 he ceased active work altogether. He was a most energetic professor, and, according to his colleague, but no relation, See also:Lord See also:Kelvin (See also:Sir See also:William Thomson), founded the first chemical laboratory for students at a See also:time when See also:practical work was scarcely recognized as a necessary See also:part of chemical See also:education. He did much to spread a knowledge of Dalton's atomic theory, and carried out many experiments in its support, but his strong predilections in favour of See also:Prout's See also:hypothesis tended to vitiate his results, many of which were sharply criticized by J. J. See also:Berzelius and other chemists. In addition to various textbooks he. published a See also:History of Chemistry (183o-1831) which has provided material for many chemical biographers, but which, although it reads very plausibly, cannot be regarded as an authority of unimpeachable accuracy.

His eldest son, THOMAS THOMSON (1817-1878) graduated as M.D. at Glasgow in 1839, accompanied Sir J. D. See also:

Hooker on his travels in See also:Sikkim in 1850, and collaborated with him in See also:publishing his See also:Flora indica in 1855 and in 1854 was appointed See also:superintendent of the botanic gardens at See also:Calcutta, also acting as professor of See also:botany at the Calcutta medical See also:college.

End of Article: THOMSON, THOMAS (1773-1852)

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