Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

HOOKER, THOMAS (1586–1647)

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 674 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
Spread the word: del.icio.us del.icio.us it!

See also:

HOOKER, See also:THOMAS (1586–1647) , New See also:England theologian, was See also:born, probably on the 7th of See also:July 1586, at Marfield, in the See also:parish of Tilton, See also:County of See also:Leicester, England. He graduated B.A. in 16o8 and M.A. in 1611 at See also:Emmanuel See also:College, See also:Cambridge, the intellectual centre of See also:Puritanism, remained there as a See also:fellow for a few years, and then preached in the parish of See also:Esher in See also:Surrey. About 1626 he became lecturer to the See also:church of St See also:Mary at See also:Chelmsford, See also:Essex, delivering on See also:market days and See also:Sunday afternoons evangelical addresses which were notable for their moral fervour. In 1629 See also:Archbishop See also:Laud took See also:measures to suppress church lectureships, which were an innovation of Puritanism. Hooker was placed under See also:bond and retired to Little Baddow, 4 M. from Chelmsford. In 163o he was cited to appear before the See also:Court of High See also:Commission, but he forfeited his bond and fled to See also:Holland, whence in 1633 he emigrated to the See also:Colony of See also:Massachusetts See also:Bay in See also:America, and became pastor at Newtowne (now Cambridge), See also:Mass., of a See also:company of Puritans who had arrived from England in the previous See also:year and in expectation of his joining them were called " Mr Hooker's Company." Hooker seems to have been a See also:leader in the formation of that sentiment of discontent with the Massachusetts See also:government which resulted in the See also:founding of See also:Connecticut. He publicly criticized the See also:limitation of See also:suffrage to church members, and, according to a contemporary historian, See also:William Hubbard (See also:General See also:History of New England), " after Mr Hooker's coming over it was observed that many of the freemen See also:grew to be very jealous of their liberties." He was a leader of the emigrants who in 1636 founded See also:Hartford, Connecticut. In a See also:sermon before the Connecticut General Court of 1638, he declared that " the choice of public magistrates belongs unto the See also:people by See also:God's own See also:allowance" and that " they who have the See also:power to appoint See also:officers and magistrates, it is in their power, also, to set the See also:bounds and limitations of the power and See also:place unto which they See also:call them." Though this theory was in advance of the See also:age, Hooker had no See also:idea of the separation of church and See also:state--" the See also:privilege of See also:election, which belongs to the people," he said, must be exercised " according to the blessed will and See also:law of God." He also defended the right of magistrates to convene synods, and in the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639), which he probably framed, the See also:union of church and state is presupposed. Hooker was pastor of the Hartford church until his See also:death on the 7th of July 1647. He was active in the negotiations which preceded the formation of the New England See also:Confederation in 1643. In the same year he attended the See also:meeting of Puritan ministers at See also:Boston, whose See also:object was to defend See also:Congregationalism, and he wrote a Survey of the Sumrne of Church Discipline (1648) in See also:justification of the New England church See also:system. His other See also:works See also:deal chiefly with the experimental phases of See also:religion, especially the experience precedent to See also:con-version.

In The Smile's Humiliation (1637), he assigns as a test of See also:

conversion a willingness of the convert to be damned if that be God's will, thus anticipating the See also:doctrine of See also:Samuel See also:Hopkins in the following See also:century. See See also:George L. See also:Walker's Thomas Hooker (New See also:York, 1891); the appendix of which contains a bibliography of Hooker's published works.

End of Article: HOOKER, THOMAS (1586–1647)

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
HOOKER, SIR WILLIAM JACKSON (1785–1865)
[next]
HOOLE, JOHN (2727-1803)