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ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX

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Originally appearing in Volume V09, Page 783 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ESSEX, See also:ROBERT DEVEREUX , 3RD' See also:EARL OF (1591–1646), son of the preceding, was See also:born in 1591. He was educated at See also:Eton and at Merton See also:College, See also:Oxford. Shortly after the arrival of See also:James I. in See also:London, Essex (whose See also:title was restored, and the See also:attainder on his See also:father removed, in 1604) was placed about the See also:prince of See also:Wales, as a sharer both in his studies and amusements. At the See also:early See also:age of fifteen he was married to Frances See also:Howard, daughter of the earl of See also:Suffolk, but she was his wife only in name; during his See also:absence abroad (1607–1609) she See also:fell in love with See also:Sir Robert Carr (afterwards earl of See also:Somerset), and on her charging her See also:husband with See also:physical incapacity, the See also:marriage was annnlled in 1613. A second marriage which he contracted in 1631 with See also:Elizabeth, daughter of Sir See also:William See also:Paulet, also ended unhappily. From 162o to 1623 he served in the See also:wars of the See also:Palatinate, and in 1625 he was See also:vice-See also:admiral of a See also:fleet which made an unsuccessful See also:attempt to See also:capture See also:Cadiz. In 1639 he was See also:lieutenant-See also:general of the See also:army sent. by See also:Charles against the Scottish See also:Covenanters; but on See also:account of the irresolution of the See also:king no See also:battle occurred, and the army was disbanded at the end of the See also:year. Essex was discharged " without See also:ordinary ceremony," and refused an See also:office which at that See also:time fell vacant, " all which," says See also:Clarendon, " wrought very much upon his rough, proud nature, and made him susceptible of some impressions afterwards which otherwise would not have found such easy See also:admission." Having taken the See also:side of the See also:parliament against Charles, he was, on the outbreak of the See also:civil See also:war in 1642, appointed to the command of the See also:parliamentary army. At the battle of Edgehill he remained See also:master r i.e. in the Devereux See also:line. of the See also:field, and in 1643 he captured See also:Reading, and relieved See also:Gloucester; but in the See also:campaign of the following year, on account of his hesitation to fight against the king in See also:person, nearly his whole army fell into the hands of Charles. In 1645, on the passing of the self-denying See also:ordinance, providing that no member of parliament should hold a public office, he resigned his See also:commission; but on account of his past services his See also:annuity of £ro,000 was continued to him for See also:life. He died on the 14th of See also:September 1646, of a See also:fever brought on by over-exertion in a See also:stag-See also:hunt in See also:Windsor See also:Forest; his line becoming See also:extinct.

See the " Life of Robert Earl of Essex," by Robert See also:

Codrington, M.A., printed in See also:Hart. Misc.; Clarendon's See also:History of the See also:Rebellion, and Hon. W. B. Devereux, Lives of the Earls of Essex (1853).

End of Article: ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX

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