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ETON , a See also:town of See also:Buckinghamshire, See also:England, on the See also:north (See also:left) See also:bank of the See also:river See also:Thames, opposite See also:Windsor, within which See also:parliamentary See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough it is situated. Pop. of See also:urban See also:district (1901) 3301. It is famous for its See also:college, the largest of the See also:ancient See also:English public See also:schools. The " See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King's College of Our See also:Lady of Eton beside Windsor " was founded by See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry VI. in 1440-1441, and endowed mainly from the revenues of the See also:alien priories sup-pressed by Henry V. The founder followed the See also:model established by See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William of Wykeham in his See also:foundations of See also:Winchester and New College, See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford. The See also:original See also:foundation at Eton consisted of a See also:provost, 10 priests, 4 clerks, 6 choristers, a school-See also:master, 25 poor and indigent scholars, and the same number of poor men or bedesmen. In 1443, however, Henry considerably altered his original plans; the number of scholars was increased to 70, and the number of bedesmen reduced to 13. A connexion was then established, and has been maintained ever since, though in a modified See also:form, between Eton and Henry's foundation of King's College, See also:Cambridge. One of the king's See also:chief advisers was William of See also:Waynflete, who had been master of Winchester College, and was appointed provost of Eton in 1443. Among further alterations to the foundation in this See also:year was the See also:establishment of commensales or commoners, distinct from the scholars; and these under the name of " oppidans " now form the See also:principal See also:body of the boys. The college survived with difficulty the unsettled See also:period at the See also:close of Henry's reign; while See also:Edward IV. curtailed its possessions, and was at first desirous of amalgamating it with the ecclesiastical foundation of St See also:George, Windsor See also:Castle. In 15o6 the See also:annual See also:revenue amounted to £652; and through benefactions and the rise in the value of See also:property the college has grown to be very richly endowed. In 187o commissioners under an See also:act of 1868 appointed the governing body of the college to consist of the provost of Eton, the provost of King's College, Cambridge, five representatives nominated respectively by the university of Oxford, the university of See also:Cam-See also:bridge, the Royal Society, the See also:lord chief See also:justice and the masters, and four representatives chosen by the See also:rest of the governing body. By this body the foundation was in 1872 made to consist of a provost and ten See also:fellows (not priests, but merely the members of the governing body other than the provost), a headmaster of the school, and a See also:lower master, at least seventy scholars (known as " collegers "), and not more than two chaplains or conducts. Originally it was necessary that the scholars should be See also:born in England, of lawfully married parents, and be between eight and sixteen years of See also:age; but according to the statutes of 1872 the scholarships are open to all boys who are See also:British subjects, and (with certain limitations as to the exact date of See also:birth) between twelve and fifteen years of age. A number of foundation scholarships for King's College, Cambridge, are open for competition amongst the boys; and there are besides several other valuable scholarships and exhibitions, most of which are tenable only at Cambridge, some at Oxford, and some at either university. The teaching embraces the customary range of classical andmodern subjects; but until the first See also:half of the 19th See also:century the normal course of instruction remained almost wholly classical; and although there were masters for other subjects, they were unconnected with the See also:general business of the school, and were attended at extra See also:hours.
The school buildings were founded in 1441 and occupied in See also:part by 1443, but the whole original structure was not completed till fifty years later. The older buildings consist of two quadrangles, built partly of freestone but chiefly of See also:brick. The See also:outer quadrangle, or school-yard, is enclosed by the See also:chapel, upper and lower schools, the original scholars' See also:dormitory (" See also:long chamber "), now transformed, and masters' See also:chambers. It has in its centre a See also:bronze statue of the royal founder. The buildings enclosing the inner or lesser quadrangle contain the See also:residence of the fellows, the library, See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall and various offices. The chapel, on the See also:south See also:side of the school-yard, represents only the See also:choir of the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church which the founder originally intended to build; but as this was not completed Waynflete added an ante-chapel. The chapel was built upon a raised See also:platform of See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone, as was the hall, in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to lift it above the See also:flood-level of the Thames. It contains some interesting monuments of provosts of the college and others, and at the See also:west end of the ante-chapel is a See also:fine See also:marble statue of the founder in his royal See also:robes, by See also:John See also:- BACON
- BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
- BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
- BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
- BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
- BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
- BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)
Bacon. A See also:chantry contains the See also:tomb of See also:Roger Lupton (provost 1503-1535), whose most notable See also:monument is the fine See also:tower between the school-yard and the cloisters to the See also:east; though other parts of his See also:building also remain. The space enclosed by two buttresses on the north side of the chapel, at the point where steps ascend to the north See also:door, is the model of the See also:peculiar form of See also:court for the See also:game of See also:fives which takes name from Eton, with its " but-tress " (represented by the projecting See also:balustrade), the ledges See also:round the walls, and the step dividing the See also:floor into two levels. From the foundation of the college the chapel was used as the See also:parish church until 1854, and not until 1875, after the alteration of the ancient constitution had secularized the foundation, was the parish of Eton created into a See also:separate vicarage. The chapel does not accommodate the whole school; and a new chapel, from the designs of See also:Sir See also:Arthur See also:Blomfield, is used by the lower school. The library contains many See also:manuscripts (notably an See also:Oriental and See also:Egyptian collection) and rare books; and there is also a library for the use of the boys. The college in See also:modern times has far outgrown its ancient buildings, and new buildings, besides the lower chapel, include the new schools, with an See also:observatory, a chemical laboratory, See also:science schools and boarding-houses. In 1908 King Edward VII. opened a fine range of buildings erected in See also:honour of the Old Etonians who served in the South See also:African See also:War, and in memory of those who See also:fell there. The architect was Mr L. K. See also:Ball, an old ,Etonian. The buildings include a school hall, a domed octagonal library, and a classical museum.
The principal annual celebration is held on the 4th of See also:June, the birthday of King George III., who had a See also:great kindness for the school. This is the speech-See also:day; and after the ceremonies in the school a procession of boats takes See also:place on the Thames. In the See also:sport of See also:rowing Eton occupies a unique position among the public schools, and a large proportion of the oarsmen in the annual Oxford and Cambridge See also:boat-See also:race are alumni of the school. Another annual celebration is the occasion of the contest between collegers and oppidans at a peculiar form of See also:football known as the See also:wall game, from the fact that it is played against a wall bordering the college playing-See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field. This game takes place on St See also:Andrew's Day, the 3oth of See also:November. The field game of football commonly played at Eton has also peculiar rules. The annual See also:cricket match between Eton and See also:Harrow schools, at Lord's ground, See also:London, is always attended by a large and fashionable gathering. A singular See also:custom termed the Montem, of unknown origin, but first mentioned in 1561, was observed here triennially on Whit-Tuesday. The last celebration took place in 1844, the ceremony being abolished just before it fell due in 1847. It consisted of a procession of the boys in a See also:kind of military order, with flags and See also:music, headed by their " See also:captain," to a small See also:mound called See also:Salt See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill, near the See also:Bath road, where they levied contributions,
or " salt," from the passers-by and spectators. The sum collected sometimes exceeded r000—the surplus, after deducting certain expenses, becoming the property of the captain of the school: The See also:average number of pupils at Eton exceeds woo.
See E. S. See also:Creasy, Memc irs of Eminent Etonians, with Notices of the See also:Early See also:History of the College (185o) ; Sketches of Eton (1873); Sir H. C. See also:Maxwell See also:Lyte, History of Eton College from 1440 to 187 (1875) ; J. Heneage See also:Jesse, See also:Memoirs of Celebrated Etonians (1875); The Eton Portrait See also:Gallery, by a See also:Barrister of the Inner See also:Temple (1875) ; A. C. See also:Benson, See also:Fasti Etonienses (1899) ; L. Cust, History of Eton College (1899).
End of Article: ETON
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