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WAYNFLETE, WILLIAM (1395-1486)
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See also:WAYNFLETE, See also: That he was a See also:day-boy commoner at Winchester is possible, but seems unlikely. He was never claimed in his lifetime by either college as one of its alumni. That he was at Oxford, and probably a scholar at one of the See also:grammar See also:schools there, before passing on to the higher faculties, is shown by a See also:letter of the chancellor addressed to him when See also:provost of See also:Eton (Ep. Acad. Oxf. Hist. See also:Soc. i. 158) which speaks of the university as his " mother who brought him forth into the See also:light of knowledge and nourished him with the See also:alimony of all the sciences." He is probably the William Barbour who was ordained See also:acolyte by Bishop See also:Fleming of See also:Lincoln on the 21st of See also:April 1420 and sub-See also:deacon on the 21St of See also:January 1421; and as " William Barbour," otherwise Waynflete of See also:Spalding, was ordained deacon on the 18th of See also: 346, no. 31), and was described as LL.B. when receiving letters of See also:protection on the 15th of See also:July 1429 (Prot. P.C. iii. 347) to enable him to accompany See also:Robert FitzHugh, D.D., See also:warden of the hall, on an See also:embassy to See also:Rome. For the scholars of the King's Hall were what we should See also:call See also:fellows, as may be seen by the See also:appointment to the hall on the 3rd of April 136o of See also:Nicholas of See also:Drayton, B.C.L.,and See also: Reg. Stillington). A successor to the William Waynflete at the King's Hall was admitted on the 3rd of April 1434.
Meanwhile, our Waynflete had become headmaster of Winchester; Mr William Wanneflete being paid 50S. as Irformator scolarium, teacher of the scholars of the college, for the See also:quarter beginning on the 24th of June 1430 (Win. Coll. Bursars' See also:Roll 8-9 See also:Hen. VI.) and so continuously, under many variants of spelling, at the See also:rate of £10 a See also:year until Michaelmas 1441 (V.C.H., Bucks, ii. 154). He was collated by Bishop See also:Beaufort at some date unascertainable (through the loss of the and See also:volume of Beaufort's Episcopal See also:Register) to the mastership of St See also:Mary Magdalen's See also:Hospital, a leper hospital on St See also:Giles' See also: Its emoluments, amounting to £9, 12s. a year, nearly doubled the headmaster's income.
Under the See also:influence of See also:Archbishop See also:Chicheley, who had himself founded two colleges in See also:imitation of Wykeham, and See also: William See also:Westbury, who See also:left New College, " transferring himself to the king's service," in May 1442, and appears in the first extant Eton See also:Audit Roll 1444-1445 as headmaster, was probably such from May 1442. If Waynflete was headmaster from October 1441 to May 1442, his duties must have been little more than nominal. As provost, Waynflete procured the exemption of the college from archidiaconal authority on the 2nd of May, and made the See also:contract for completion of the See also:carpenter's See also:work of the eastern See also:side of the quadrangle on the 3oth of November 1443. On the 21st of See also:December 1443 he was sworn to the statutes by Bishop Bekynton and the See also:earl of See also:Suffolk, the king's commissioners, and himself administered the See also:oath to the other members of the foundation, then only five fellows and eleven scholars over fifteen years of See also:age. He is credited with having taken See also:half the scholars and fellows of Winchester to Eton to start the school there. In fact, five scholars and perhaps one commoner left Winchester for Eton in 1443, probably in July, just before the See also:election. For three of them were admitted scholars of King's College, Cambridge, on the 19th of July, that college, by its second charter of the loth of July 1443 having been placed in the same relation to Eton that New College See also:bore to Winchester; i.e. it was to be recruited entirely from Eton. The See also:chief part of Waynflete's duties as provost was the financing and completion of the buildings and See also:establishment. The number of scholars was largely increased by an election of 25 new ones on the 26th of See also:September 1444, the income being, then £946, of which the king contributed £120 and Waynflete £18, or more than half his See also:stipend of £30 a year. The full number of 70 scholars was not filled up till Waynflete's last year as provost, 1446-1447 (Eton Audit Roll). So greatly did Waynflete ingratiate himself with Henry that when Beaufort, bishop of Winchester, Henry's See also:uncle, died on the 11th of April 1447, the same day Henry wrote to the See also:chapter of Winchester, the See also:prior and monks of St Swithin's See also:cathedral, to elect Waynflete as his successor. On the 12th of April he was given the custody of the temporalities, on the x5th of April he was elected, and on the loth of May provided to the see by a papal See also:bull. On the 13th of July 1447 he was consecrated in Eton church, when the warden and fellows and others of his old college gave him a See also:horse at a cost of £6, 13s. 4d., and 13s. 4d. to the boys. Subsequent visits to Winchester inspired Henry with the See also:idea of rebuilding Eton church on cathedral dimensions. Waynflete was assigned as the See also:principal executor of his " will " for that purpose, and if there was any variance between the executors, he was to determine it. From 1448 to 1450 £3336 or some £1oo,000 of our See also:money was spent on the church, of which Waynflete with the See also:marquis of Suffolk and the bishop of See also:Salisbury contributed £700 or £21,000. The troubles which began in 1450 put a stop to the work. Waynflete, as bishop, lost no See also:time in following the example of Wykeham and his royal See also:patron in becoming a college founder. On the 6th of May 1448 he obtained See also:licence in See also:mortmain and on the loth of See also:August founded at Oxford " for the extirpation of heresies and errors, the increase of the clerical See also:order and the adornment of See also:holy mother church, a perpetual hall, called Seint See also:Marie Maudeleyn See also:Halle, for study in the sciences of sacred See also:theology and See also:philosophy," to consist of a See also:president and 50 scholars. Its site was not that of the See also:present college, but of two earlier halls called See also:Boston and See also:Hare, where the new schools now are. Thirteen M.A.'s and seven bachelors, besides the president, John Hornley, B.D., were named in the charter. The See also:dedication to Mary Magdalen was no doubt derived from the hospital at Winchester of which the founder had been See also:master. On St Wolstan's Day, the loth of January 1448–1449, Waynflete was enthroned in Winchester cathedral in the presence of the king; and, probably partly for his See also:sake, See also:parliament was held there in June and July 1449, when the king frequently attended the college chapel, Waynflete officiating (Win. Coll. Reg. Vet.). When See also:Jack See also:Cade's See also:rebellion occurred in 1450 Waynflete was employed with Archbishop Stafford, the chancellor, to negotiate with the rebels at St See also:Margaret's church, See also:Southwark, close to Winchester See also:House. A full See also:pardon was promised, but on the 1st of August Waynflete was one of the See also:special commissioners to try the rebels. On the 7th of May 1451 Waynflete, from " le peynted chambre " in his See also:manor house at Southwark, asserting that his bishopric was canonically obtained and that he laboured under no disqualification, but feared some grievous See also:attempt against himself and his see, appealed to the protection of the See also:pope. It is suggested (Dict. Nat. Biog.) that this was due to some disturbances at Winchester (Prot. P.C. vi. ,o8), where one of Cade's quarters was sent after his See also:execution. But it is more likely, as suggested by Richard Chandler (See also:Life of Waynflete, 1811), that it was some Yorkist attack on him in progress in the papal See also:court, to meet which he appointed next day 19 proctors to See also:act for him. In the result nothing disturbed his peaceable See also:possession of the see. With the archbishop of See also:Canterbury he received Henry VI. on a See also:pilgrimage to St Thomas a See also:Becket on the 2nd of August 1451. When in November the See also:duke of See also:York encamped near See also:Dartford, Waynflete with three others was sent from the king's See also:camp at See also:Blackheath to propose terms, which were accepted. See also:Edward, See also:prince of See also:Wales, was See also:born on the 13th of October 1453 and baptized by Waynflete the next day. This year Waynflete acquired the reversion of the manor of Stanswick, Berks, from See also:Lady See also:Danvers (Chandler, p. 87) for Magdalen Hall. The king became insane in 1454. On the See also:death of the chancellor, John See also:Kemp, archbishop of Canterbury, during the sitting of parliament, presided over by the duke of York, commissioners, headed by Waynflete, were sent to Henry, to ask him to name a new chancellor, apparently intending that Waynflete should be named. But no See also:answer could be extracted from the king, and after some delay Lord Salisbury took the See also:seals. During York's regency, both before and after the See also:battle of St Albans, Waynflete took an active part in the proceedings of the privycouncil. With a view to an ampler site for his college, Waynflete obtained on the 5th of July 1456 a See also: Having obtained a papal bull, he founded it by See also:deed of the 12th of June 1458, converting the hospital into a college with a president and six fellows, to which college two days later Magdalen Hall surrendered itself and its possessions, its members being incorporated into " the New College of St Mary Magdalen." Meanwhile Waynflete himself had been advanced to the highest See also:office in the See also:state, the chancellorship, the seals being delivered to him by the king in the priory of See also:Coventry. in the presence of the duke of York, apparently as a See also:person acceptable to both parties. On the 27th of October 1457 he took part in the trial and condemnation for See also:heresy of Reginald See also:Pecock, bishop of See also:Chichester, who had been ordained subdeacon and deacon on the same day and by the same bishop as Waynflete,himself. Only Pecock's books and not the heretic were burnt. As the heresy consisted chiefly in defending the See also:clergy on grounds of See also:reason instead of authority, the proceeding does not show any See also:great enlightenment on Waynflete's part. It must have been at this time that an addition was made by Waynflete to the Eton college statutes, compelling the fellows to forswear the heresies of John Wycliffe and Pecock. Waynflete presided as chancellor at the parliament at Coventry in November 1459, which, after the Yorkist See also:catastrophe at See also:Ludlow, attainted the Yorkist leaders. It was no doubt because of this that, three days before the Yorkist attack at See also:Northampton, he delivered the great seal to the king in his See also:tent near Delapre See also:abbey, a nunnery by Northampton, on the 7th of July 146o (Rot. Claus. 38 Hen. VI. m. 5 d). It was taken with Henry and handed to the Yorkist, See also:George See also:Neville, bishop of See also:Exeter, See also:brother of the kingmaker, earl of See also:Warwick, in See also:London on 25th July following. Whether, as alleged 'by some, Waynflete fled and hid himself during the See also:period covered by the battle of See also:Wakefield and Edward's first parliament in 1461, is very doubtful. A testimonial to his fidelity written by Henry to the pope on the 8th of November 146o (Chandler, 346) was written while Henry was in Yorkist hands. The fact too that complaints laid before Edward IV. himself in August 1461 of wrongful exaction of manorial rights from the tenants of the episcopal manor of East Meon, Hants, were decided in the bishop's favour in parliament in the December following (Rot. Parl. v. 475) also suggests that he was not regarded as an enemy to the Yorkists, though a See also:personal favourite of Henry's. A See also:general charter of See also:confirmation to him and his successors of the See also:property and rights of the bishopric of Winchester on the 1st of July 1462 (Pat. 2 Ed. IV.) points in the same direction. It is certain that he took an active part in the restoration of Eton College," which Edward annexed to St George's, Windsor, in 1463, depriving it of a large part of its possessions. In the earliest Audit Rolls after the restoration of the college in 1467 there are many entries of visits of Provost Westbury to " the lord of Winchester," which in January 1468–1469 were for " beginning the work of the church " " and providing money for them." Why a pardon was granted to Waynflete on the 1st of See also:February 1469 (Pat. 8 Ed. IV. pt. iii. m. 16) does not appear. On the restoration of Henry VI. on the 28th of September 1470 Waynflete welcomed him on his See also:release from the See also:Tower, which necessitated a new pardon, granted a See also:month after Edward's reinstatement on the 3oth of May 1471 (Pat. 11. Ed. IV. pat. i. m. 24), and a See also:loan to the king of 2000 marks (£I333, 6s. 8d.), or some £40,000 of our money. In the years 1471–1472 to 1474 Waynflete was largely engaged in completing the church, now called chapel, at Eton, his glazier supplying the windows, and he contracted on the 15th of August 1475 for the See also:rood-See also:loft to be made on one side "like to the rode lofte in Bishop Wykeham's college at Winchester," and on the other like that " of the college of St Thomas of Acres in London." In 1479 he built. the ante-chapel at the See also:west-end, as it now stands,
of See also: On the 23rd of August 1480, the college being completed, the great west window being contracted to be made after the See also:fashion of that at All Souls' College, a new president, Richard See also:Mayhew, fellow of New College, was installed on the 23rd of August 148o, and statutes were promulgated. The foundation is commonly dated from this year and not from 1448, when Magdalen Hall was founded, though if not dated from 1448 it surely See also:dates from 1458, when that hall and St John's Hospital were converted into Magdalen College. The statutes were for the most part a replica of those of New College, members of which were, equally with members of Magdalen, declared to be eligible for the See also:presidency. They provided for a See also:head and 70 scholars, but the latter were divided into 40 fellows and 30 scholars called demies, because their See also:commons were half those of the fellows. Magdalen College School was established at the See also:gates and as a part of the college, to be, like Eton, a See also:free grammar school, free of tuition fees for all corners, under a master and See also:usher, the first master being John Ankywyll, a married See also:man, with a See also:salary of £10 a year, the same as at Winchester and Eton. The renewal of See also:interest in classical literature was shown in the See also:prohibition of the study of sophistry by any scholar under the age of eighteen, unless he had been pronounced proficient in grammaticals. On the 22nd of September 1481 Waynflete received Edward IV. in state at the college, where he passed the See also:night, and in July 1483 he received Richard III. there in even greater state, when Master William See also:Grocyn, " the Grecian," a fellow of New College, " responded," in divinity. In 1484 Waynflete gave the college the endowment for a free grammar school at his name-See also:place, Wainfleet, sufficient to produce for the See also:chantry-priest-schoolmaster 10 a year, the same salary as the headmaster of Magdalen School, and built the school which still exists almost untouched, a See also:fine See also:brick building with two towers, 76 ft. See also:long by 26 ft. broad. The next year saw the See also:appropriation to the college of the Augustinian Priory of See also:Selborne, Hants. On the 27th of April 1486, Waynflete, like Wykeham, made his will at their favourite manor, See also:South or Bishop's See also:Waltham. It is remarkable that he gives the same pecuniary bequests to Winchester and New Colleges as to his own college of Magdalen, but the latter he made residuary devisee of all his lands. He died on the iith of May 1486, and was buried in the chantry chapel of St Mary Magdalen behind the high altar in Winchester cathedral, which he had erected in his lifetime. The effigy on it may be taken to be an See also:authentic portrait. (A. F. Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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