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BULL

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 788 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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BULL . (I) The male of animals belonging to the See also:

section Bovina of the See also:

FAMILY

family See also:

BOVIDAE

Bovidae (q.v.), particularly the uncastrated male of the domestic ox (Bostaurus). (See See also:

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

CATTLE.) The word, which is found in M.E. as See also:

BOLE

bole, belle (cf. Ger. Bulle, and Dutch bul or bol), is also used of the See also:

MALES

males of other animals of large See also:

SIZE

size, e.g. the See also:

ELEPHANT

elephant, See also:

WHALE

whale, &c. The O.E. diminutive See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form bulluc, meaning originally a See also:

young bull, or bull See also:

calf, survives in See also:

BULLOCK, WILLIAM (c. 1657-c. 1740)

bullock, now confined to a young castrated male ox kept for slaughter for See also:

BEEF (through O. Fr. boef, mod. boeuf, from Lat. bos, bovis, ox, Gr. f3oiir, which show the ultimate connexion with the Sanskrit go, gaits, ox, and thus with " cow")

beef. On the See also:

LONDON

London and New See also:

York stock exchanges " bull " and " See also:

bear " are correlative technical See also:

SLANG

slang terms. A " bull " is one who " See also:

BUYS

buys for a rise," i.e. he buys See also:

STOCKS

stocks or securities, See also:

GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain or other commodities (which, however, he never intends to take up), in the See also:

hope that before the date on which he must take delivery he will be able to sell the stocks, &c., at a higher See also:

price, taking as a profit the difference between the buying and selling price. A " bear " is the See also:

REVERSE

reverse of a " bull." He is one who" sells fora fall," i.e. he sells stock, &c., which he does not actually possess, in the hope of buying it at a See also:

LOWER

lower price before the See also:

time at which he has contracted to deliver (see See also:

ACCOUNT; STOCK See also:

EXCHANGE

EXCHANGE). The word " bull," according to the New See also:

ENGLISH

English See also:

DICTIONARY

Dictionary, was used in this sense as See also:

early as the beginning of the 18th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century. The origin of the use is not known, though it is tempting to connect it with the See also:

FABLE (Fr. fable, Lat. fabula)

fable of the fro; and the bull_ The See also:

TERM

term " bull's See also:

eye " is applied to many circular See also:

OBJECTS

objects, and particularly to the See also:

BOSS

boss or protuberance See also:

LEFT

left in the centre of a See also:

SHEET

sheet of blown See also:

glass. This when cut off was formerly used for windows in small leaded panes.

The See also:

French term oil de bteuf is used of a circular window. Other circular objects to which the word is applied are the centre of a See also:

target or a shot that hits the central See also:

DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the target, a plano-See also:

CONVEX

convex See also:

lens in a See also:

MICROSCOPE (Gr. µucp6s, small, asenreiv, to %view)

microscope, a See also:

LANTERN (an adaptation of the Fr. lanterne from Lat. lanterna or laterna, supposed to be from Gr. Aa urritp, a torch or lamp, Aaµaew, to shine, cf. " lamp "; the 16th- and 17th-century form " lanthorn " is due to a mistaken derivation from " horn," as a m

lantern with a convex glass in it, a thick circular piece of glass let into the See also:

DECK

deck or See also:

side of a See also:

SHIP

ship, &c., for See also:

LIGHTING

lighting the interior, a See also:

RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring-shaped See also:

block grooved See also:

ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

OUTER

outer edge, and with a hole through the centre through which a rope can be passed, and also a small lurid See also:

CLOUD (from the same root, if not the same word, as " clod," a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages for a mass or lump; it is first applied in the usual sense in the late 13th century; the Anglo-Saxon chid is only used in the sense of " a ma

cloud which in certain latitudes presages a See also:

HURRICANE

hurricane. (2) The use of the word " bull," for a verbal blunder, involving a See also:

CONTRADICTION, PRINCIPLE OF (principium contradictionis)

contradiction in terms, is of doubtful origin. In this sense it is used with a possible punning reference to papal bulls in See also:

Milton's True See also:

Religion, " and whereas the Papist boasts himself to be a See also:

ROMAN

Roman Catholick, it is a See also:

mere contradiction, one of the See also:

Pope's Bulls, as if he should say a universal particular, a Catholick schismatick." Probably this use may be traced to a M.E. word bul, first found in the See also:

Cursor Mundi, c. 1300, in the sense of falsehood, trickery, deceit; the New English Dictionary compares an 0. Fr. bout, See also:

BOULE (Gr. 0ovXi ,, literally " will," " advice "; hence a " council ")

boule or bole, in the same sense. Although See also:

MODERN

modern associations connect this type of blunder with the Irish, possibly owing to the many famous " bulls" attributed to See also:

Sir See also:

Boyle See also:

ROCHE, SIR BOYLE, BART

Roche (q.v.), the early quotations show that in the 17th century, when the meaning now attached to the word begins, no See also:

SPECIAL

special See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country was credited with them. (3) Bulla (See also:

Lat for bubble "), which gives us another " bull " in English, was the term used by the See also:

Romans for any boss or See also:

STUD

stud, such as those on doors, See also:

SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword-belts, See also:

SHIELDS, JAMES (181b-1879)

shields and boxes. It was applied, however, more particularly to an See also:

ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament, generally of See also:

gold, a round or See also:

heart-shaped See also:

box containing an See also:

AMULET (Late Lat. amuletum, origin unknown; falsely connected with the Arab. himdlah, a cord used to suspend a small Koran from the neck)

amulet, worn suspended from the See also:

NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck by childern of See also:

NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth until they assumed the toga viru s, when it was hung up and dedicated to the See also:

HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household gods. The See also:

CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of wearing the bulla, which was regarded as a See also:

CHARM (through the Fr. from the Lat. carmen, a song)

charm against sickness and the evil eye, was of See also:

ETRUSCAN

Etruscan origin. After the Second Punic See also:

War all See also:

CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children of See also:

FREE

free birth were permitted to See also:

WEAR

wear it; but those who did not belong to a noble or wealthy family were satisfied with a bulla of See also:

leather. Its use was only permitted to grown-up men in the See also:

case of generals who celebrated a See also:

TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph.

Young girls (probably till the time of their See also:

MARRIAGE

marriage), and even favourite animals, also wore it (see Ficoroni, La Bella d' Oro, 1732; See also:

Yates, Archaeological See also:

Journal, vi., 1849; viii., 185r). In ecclesiastical and See also:

MEDIEVAL

medieval Latin, bulla denotes the See also:

seal of See also:

OVAL (Lat. ovum, egg)

oval or circular form, bearing the name and generally the See also:

IMAGE (Lat. imago, perhaps from the same root as imitari, copy, imitate)

image of its owner, which was attached to See also:

OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official documents. A See also:

metal was used instead of See also:

wax in the warm countries of See also:

SOUTHERN

southern See also:

EUROPE

Europe. The best-known instances are the papal bullae, which have given their name to the documents (bulls) to which they are attached.

End of Article: BULL

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