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TARGET , a See also:mark. to shoot at, so called from its resemblance in shape to the " targe " or small See also:round See also:shield, particularly the round See also:wood and See also:leather buckler, with See also:- METAL
- METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)
metal bosses, and See also:long spike protruding from the central See also:boss, which was carried by the Highland clans; at the back was a leathern See also:sleeve in which the See also:left See also:arm was inserted. In the 17th See also:century, as See also:body See also:armour ceased to be used, the See also:infantry soldier often carried a See also:light shield of various forms which was known as a " target," which is a diminutive of targe; such soldiers were known as " targeteers." " Targe " is a word that has been the subject of much etymological discussion. On the one See also:hand is found the O.E. Large, with hard g, a shield, cf. Icel. targa, shield, target, and O.H. Ger. zarga, See also:frame, See also:side, border; on the other is Fr. targe, Sp. and See also:Port. tarja, Ital. targa, buckler, shield. The soft and hard g's point to two distinct words. In Sp. and Port., is found adarga, a square target or buckler, which is an Arabic word, al darkat or darakat, a leather shield. The O.E. and Icel. words can hardly have come from an Arab. source, and the relation between the two words is an etymological See also:puzzle (see See also:Skeat, Etym. See also:Diet., 1910). The target as a mark to shoot at is, for See also:archery, a circular See also:canvas-covered frame stuffed with See also:straw and marked with concentric rings surrounding the centre or See also:bull's-See also:eye. For See also:shooting with the See also:rifle the target is usually square.
In the days of the smooth-See also:bore See also:musket, and for many years after the introduction of small arms of precision, the targets used in musketry training were of a " match " and not a " service " See also:character. The target was See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white with a See also:black bull's-eye (counting 5 points) and two rings, invisible to the firer, called the " inner " and the "See also:magpie," and scoring 4 and 3; the See also:rest of the target was called the " See also:outer " and counted 2 points. This See also:system was the basis of all match shooting, whether with match or service rifles, and (with the trifling difference that the bull counted 4, the inner 3 and the magpie and outer alike 2) it was followed in military range practice. For collective See also:fire See also:regular rows of black silhouettes on white screens were employed. These were a See also:compromise between bull's-eye and service targets which possessed the virtues of neither. But after the S. See also:African See also:war bull's-eye practices were eliminated from the musketry course of the See also:British See also:army, and in the musketry regulations of 1909 they were restricted to the earliest stages of recruits' training and trained soldiers'
See also:TARGUM 419
"See also:refresher " courses. The use of the bull's-eye to-See also:day is to See also:teach the soldier to shoot uniformly, that is, to " See also:group " his shots closely. The position of his shot group with reference to the bull's-eye does not See also:matter; if his group is comprised within a 6 or 12-See also:inch See also:ring (at zoo yards range) he is passed on to more advanced practices at service targets. The latter are no longer coloured black-and-white, but are of the dull See also:colours which are met with in the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field, either See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
brown See also:head-and-shoulders painted on a See also:green-See also:grey canvas background or brown silhouettes held up against the See also:face of the stop-See also:butt. The See also:National Rifle Association in 1910 followed the See also:lead of the War See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
Office to some extent as regards the targets used at the See also:Bisley See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting in " service-rifle " competitions. For collective practices at the more important military stations large areas of ground are prepared with silhouettes in entrenchments, dummy guns, &c. See also:Mechanical " See also:running-See also:man " and " disappearing " targets are also used for training in snap-shooting and rapid fire. The target used in See also:naval gunnery is a large floating frame of See also:timber either fixed by buoys or anchors or towed at a distance by a See also:vessel (see See also:ORDNANCE: § Naval Gunnery).
End of Article: TARGET
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