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BULGARUS

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 787 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BULGARUS , an See also:

Italian jurist of the 12th See also:century, See also:born at See also:Bologna, sometimes erroneously called Bulgarinus, which was properly the name of a jurist of the 15th century. He was the most celebrated of the famous " Four Doctors " of the See also:law school of that university, and was regarded as the Cnrysostom of the See also:Gloss-writers, being frequently designated by the See also:title of the " See also:Golden Mouth" (os aureum). He died in 1166 A.D., at a very advanced See also:age. Popular tradition represents all the Four Doctors (Bulgarus, Martinus Gosia, See also:Hugo de Porta Ravennate and Jacobus de Boragine) as pupils of See also:Irnerius (q.v.), but while there is no insuperable difficulty in point of See also:time in accepting this tradition as far as regards Bulgarus, See also:Savigny considers the See also:general tradition inadmissible as regards the others. Martinus Gosia and Bulgarus were the chiefs of two opposite See also:schools at Bologna, corresponding in many respects to the Proculians and Sabinians of Imperial See also:Rome, Martinus being at the See also:head of a school which accommodated the law to what his opponents styled the See also:equity of " the See also:purse " (aequitas bursalis), whilst Bulgarus adhered more closely to the See also:letter of the law. The school of Bulgarus ultimately prevailed, and it numbered amongst its adherents Joannes See also:Bassianus, See also:Azo and See also:Accursius, each of whom in his turn exercised a commanding See also:influence over the course of legal studies at Bologna. Bulgarus took the leading See also:part amongst the Four Doctors at the See also:diet of Roncaglia in 1158, and was one of the most trusted advisers of the See also:emperor See also:Frederick I. His most celebrated See also:work is his commentary De Regulis See also:Juris, which was at one time printed amongst the writings of Placentius, but has been properly reassigned to its true author by Cujacius, upon the See also:internal See also:evidence contained in the additions annexed to it, which are undoubtedly from the See also:pen of Placentinus. This Commentary, which is the earliest extant work of its See also:kind emanating from the school of the Gloss-writers, is, according to Savigny, a See also:model specimen of the excellence of the method introduced by Irnerius, and a striking example of the brilliant results which had been obtained in- a See also:short space of time by a See also:constant and exclusive study of the See also:sources of law.

End of Article: BULGARUS

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