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JOURNAL

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 228 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOURNAL 1906 See also:

invoice See also:book or purchases book, to See also:record particulars of goods See also:purchased; a returns inwards book, to record particulars of goods sold but subsequently returned by customers; a returns outwards book, to record the like particulars with regard to goods purchased and subsequently returned; a bills receivable book, to record particulars of bills of See also:exchange received from debtors; and a bills payable book, to record particulars of bills of exchange given to creditors. With a view still further to split up the See also:work, thus enabling a large See also:staff to be simultaneously engaged, the See also:ledger itself isnow generally kept in sections. Thus the See also:cash See also:account and the See also:bank account are frequently See also:bound together in one See also:separate book called the cash book, showing in parallel columns the movements of See also:office cash and of cash at the bank, and by the addition £3761 7 8 £3 2 0 2 9 0 5 II o £o 13 6 16 0 0 2 2 0 18 15 6 £9 0 0 3 6 0 2 8 0 14 14 0 £3800 8 2 See also:I00~ of a third See also:column for discounts the See also:necessity of keeping an additional book of first entry as a See also:discount journal may also be avoided. Of See also:late years, however, most businesses pay all moneys received into their bankers without See also:deduction, and pay all accounts by See also:cheque; the necessity of an account for office cash thus no longer exists, See also:save in connexion with See also:petty payments, which are recorded in a separate book called the petty cash book. With regard to the remaining ledger accounts, See also:personal accounts—which are the most numerous—are frequently separated from the real and nominal accounts, and are further subdivided so that customers' accounts are kept separate from the accounts of See also:trade creditors. The customers' accounts are kept in a ledger (or, if need be, in several ledgers) called sales ledgers, or sold ledgers; while the accounts of trade creditors are similarly kept in purchases ledgers or bought ledgers. The nominal and real accounts, if together, are kept in what is called the See also:general ledger; but this may be further subdivided into a nominal ledger and a private ledger. This last sub-See also:division is, however, rarely made upon a scientific basis, for such accounts as the profit and loss account and trading account are generally kept in the private ledger although strictly speaking nominal accounts; while the bills receivable account and the bills payable account are generally kept in the nominal ledger, so as to reduce to a minimum the amount of clerical work in connexion with the private ledger, which is kept either by the See also:principal himself or by his confidential employee. By the employment of See also:adjustment accounts, which See also:complete the See also:double-entry record in each ledger, these various ledgers may readily be made self-balancing, thus enabling clerical errors to be localized and responsibility enforced. Of See also:recent years considerable See also:attention has been devoted to further modifications of book-keeping methods with a view to reducing clerical work, increasing the See also:speed with which results are available, and enabling them to be handled more quickly See also:Robert See also:French, 214 High Road, See also:Sutton 6 doz. F. D.Pommard, 1899 30/-6 „ M.F.

Margaux, 1893 66/-2 „ A. Niersteiner 24/- See also:

gall. E. See also:Pale See also:sherry 13/6 2 doz. O.B. Heidsieck 1892 160/- 2 gall. P. Scotch 21/- A. See also:Brown, 492 New See also:Street, See also:Walworth 2 doz. V.C. See also:port 31/- „ A.C. pale See also:brandy 49/- 28th See also:December. Fredk.

End of Article: JOURNAL

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JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, dail...

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