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RICHARD , See also:earl of See also:Cornwall and See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of the See also:Romans• (1209-1272), was the second son of the See also:English king See also:John by See also:Isabella of See also:Angouleme. See also:Born in 1209, Richard was the junior of his See also:brother, See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry III., by fifteen months; he was educated in See also:England and received the earldom of Cornwall in 1225. From this date to his See also:death he was a prominent figure on the See also:political See also:stage. In the years 1225-27 he acted as See also:governor of See also:Gascony; between 1227 and 1238, owing to quarrels with his brother and dislike of the See also:foreign favourites, he attached himself to the baronial opposition and bade See also:fair to become a popular See also:hero. But in 1240 he took the command of a crusade in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape from the troubled See also:atmosphere of English politics. He was formally reconciled with Henry before his departure; and their amity was cemented on his return by his See also:marriage with Sancha of See also:Provence, the See also:sister of Henry's See also:queen (1243). Henceforward Richard, though by no means See also:blind to the faults of the See also:government, was among the most See also:constant supporters of Henry III. While affecting to remain neutral in the quarrels of the barons with the Poitevins and Savoyards he constantly assisted the king with loans, and thus enabled him to withstand the pressure of the See also:Great See also:Council for reform. In 1257 a See also:bare See also:majority of the See also:German See also:electors nominated Richard as king of the Romans, and he accepted their offer at Henry's See also:desire. He was elected partly on See also:account of his See also:wealth, but also because his See also:family connexion with the See also:Hohenstaufen and his friendly relations with the papacy made it probable that he would unite all German parties. In the years 1257-68 Richard paid four visits to See also:Germany. He obtained recognition in the Rhineland, which was closely connected with England by See also:trade relations. Otherwise, how-ever, he was unsuccessful in securing German support. In the English troubles of the same See also:period he endeavoured to See also:act as a mediator. On the outbreak of See also:civil See also:war in 1264 he took his brother's See also:side, and his See also:capture in a See also:windmill outside See also:Lewes, after the defeat of the royalist See also:army, is commemorated in the earliest of English See also:vernacular satires; he remained a prisoner till the fall of See also:Montfort. But after See also:Evesham he exerted himself, not without success, to obtain reasonable terms for those who had suffered from the vengeance of the royalist party. He died on the 2nd of See also:April 1272. His end is said to have been hastened by grief for his eldest son, Henry of Almain, who had been murdered in the previous See also:year by the sons of See also:Simon de Montfort at See also:Viterbo. The earldom of Cornwall passed to Richard's eldest surviving son See also:Edmund, who was See also:guardian of, England from 1286 to 1289. On Edmund's death, in See also:October 1300, it became See also:extinct.
Authorities.—The See also:original See also:sources and See also:general See also:works of reference are the same as for the reign of Henry III. G. C. Gebauer's Leben and Thaten Herrn See also:Richards von Cornwall (See also:Leipzig, 1744), H. See also:Koch's Richard von Cornwall, 1209-12S7 (See also:Strassburg, 1888), and A. Busson's Doppelwahl See also:des Jahres, 1257 (See also:Munster, 1866) are useful monographs.
(H. W. C.
End of Article: RICHARD
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