|
WELLS , a See also:city, municipal See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough and See also:market See also:town in the Wells See also:parliamentary See also:division of See also:Somerset, See also:England, 20 M. S. of See also:Bristol, on the See also:Great Western and Somerset & See also:Dorset See also:railways. Pop. (1901) 4849. It is a quiet, old-fashioned See also:place, lying in a hollow under the Mendip Hills, whose spurs rise on all sides like islands. The city is said to have derived its name from some springs called St See also:Andrew's Wells, which during the See also:middle ages were thought to have valuable curative properties. During Saxon times Wells was one of the most important towns of Wessex, and in 905 it was made the seat of a bishopric by See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:Edward the See also:Elder. About the See also:year 1091—1092 See also:Bishop See also:John de Villula removed the see to See also:Bath; and for some years Wells ceased to be an episcopal city. After many struggles between the See also:secular See also:clergy of Wells and the regulars of Bath, it was finally arranged in 1139 that the bishop should take the See also:title of " bishop of Bath and Wells," and should for the future be elected by delegates appointed partly by the monks of Bath and partly by the canons of Wells. The See also:foundation attached to the See also:cathedral See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of Wells consisted of a See also:college of secular canons of St See also:Augustine, governed by a See also:dean, sub-dean, See also:chancellor and other officials. The See also:diocese covers the greater See also:part of Somerset. The importance of the city is almost wholly ecclesiastical; and the theological college is one of the most important in England,
Wells is governed by a See also:mayor, 4 aldermen and 12 councillors. See also:Area 720 acres.
The cathedral, one of the most magnificent of all the secular churches of England, was executed principally by Bishops Reginald Fitz-Jocelyn (1171—1191), Savaricus (1192—1205) and Jocelyn (1206-1242). According to the usual See also:medieval practice, the eastern part of the church was begun first, and the See also:choir was consecrated for use See also:long before the completion of the See also:nave, the western part of which, with the magnificent See also:series of statues on the See also:facade, is commonly attributed to Bishop Jocelyn. With him was associated a famous architect in See also:Elias de See also:Derham, who was his steward in 1236, and died in 1245. The upper See also:half of the two western towers has never been built. The See also:noble central See also:tower, 160 ft. high, was built See also:early in the 14th See also:century; the beautiful octagonal See also:chapter-See also:house on the See also:north See also:side, and the See also:lady See also:chapel at the extreme See also:east, were the next important additions in the same century. The whole church is covered with See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone groining of various See also:dates, from the Early See also:English of the choir to the See also:fan vaulting of the central tower. Its See also:plan consists of a nave (161 ft. in length and 82 in breadth) and aisles, with two See also:short transepts, each with a western See also:aisle and two eastern chapels. The choir and its aisles are of unusual length (103 ft.), and behind the high See also:altar are two smaller transepts, beyond which is the very See also:rich Decorated lady chapel, with an eastern semi-octagonal See also:apse. On the north of the choir is the octagonal chapter-house, the vaulting of which springs from a slender central See also:shaft; as the church belonged to secular clergy, it was not necessary to place it in its usual position by the See also:cloister. The cloister, 16o by 150 ft., extends along the whole See also:southern See also:wall of the nave. The extreme length of the church from east to See also:west is 383 ft. The See also:oak stalls and bishop's See also:throne in the choir are magnificent examples of 15th-century woodwork, still well preserved.
The See also:glory of the church, and that which makes it unique among the many splendid buildings of medieval England, is the wonderful series of sculptured figures which decorate the exterior of the west front. The whole of the facade, 15o ft. wide, including the two western towers, is completely covered with this magnificent series; there are nine tiers of single figures under canopies, over 600 in number, mostly large See also:life See also:size, with some as much as 8 ft. in height, and other smaller statues; these represent angels, See also:saints, prophets, See also:kings and queens of the Saxon, See also:Norman and See also:Plantagenet dynasties, and bishops and others who had been benefactors to the see. There are also See also:forty-eight reliefs with subjects from See also:Bible See also:history, and immense representations of the Last See also:Judgment and the Resurrection, the latter alone containing about 15o figures. The whole See also:composition is devised so as to See also:present a comprehensive See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme of See also:theology and history, evidently thought out with much care and ingenuity. As See also:works of See also:art, these statues and reliefs are of high merit; the faces are noble in type, the folds of the drapery very gracefully treated with true sculpturesque simplicity, and the pose of the figures remarkable for dignity. A great variety of hands and much diversity of workmanship can be traced in this See also:mass of See also:sculpture, but in very few cases does the See also:work fall conspicuously below the See also:general level of excellence.
The interior of the central tower presents an interesting example of the skilful way in which the medieval builders could turn an unexpected constructional See also:necessity into a beautiful architectural feature. While it was being built the four piers of the great tower See also:arches showed signs of failure, and, therefore, in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to strengthen them, a second See also:lower See also:arch was built below each See also:main arch of the tower; and on this a third inverted arch was added. Thus the piers received a steady support along their whole height from See also:top to bottom, and yet the opening of each archway was blocked up in the smallest possible degree. The contrasting lines of these three adjacent arches on each side of the tower have a very striking and graceful effect; nothing similar exists elsewhere.
On the See also:south side of the cathedral stands the bishop's See also:palace, a moated See also:building, originally built in the See also:form of a quadrangle by Bishop Jocelyn, and surrounded by a lofty See also:circuit wall. The See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall and chapel are beautiful structures, mostly of the 14th century.
The vicars' college was a secular foundation for two principals and twelve vicars; See also:fine remains of this, dating from the 15th century, and other residences of the clergy stand within and near the cathedral See also:close; some of these are among the most beautiful examples of medieval domestic See also:architecture in England.
The church of St See also:Cuthbert is one of the finest of the many fine parochial churches in See also:Somersetshire, with a noble tower and See also:spire at the west end. It was originally an Early English cruciform building, but the central tower See also:fell in during the 16th century, and the whole building was much altered during the Perpendicular See also:period. Though much damaged, a very interesting See also:reredos exists behind thehigh altar; it consists of a " See also:Jesse See also:- TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
- TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )
tree " sculptured in See also:relief, erected in 1470. Another beautiful reredos was discovered in 1848, hidden in the See also:plaster on the east wall of the lady chapel, which is on the north side.
There was a See also:Roman See also:settlement at Wells (Theorodunum, Fonticuli, Tidington, Welliae, Welle), this site being chosen on See also:account of the springs from which the town takes its name, and the Roman road to See also:Cheddar passed through Wells. King See also:Ine founded a religious house there in 704, and it became an episcopal see in 91o. To this latter event the subsequent growth of Wells is due. There is See also:evidence that Wells had become a borough owned by the bishops of Wells before 116o, and in that year Bishop See also:Robert granted the first See also:charter, which exempted his burgesses from certain tolls. Other charters granted by Bishop Reginald before 118o and by Bishop Savaric about 1201 gave the burgesses of Wells the right to See also:jurisdiction in their own disputes. These charters were confirmed by John in 1201, by Edward I. in 1290, by Edward III. with the See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant of new privileges in 1334, 1341, 1343 and 1345, by See also:Richard II. in 1377, by See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry IV. in 1399 and by Henry VI. in 1424. Wells obtained charters of See also:incorporation in 1589, 1683, 1688 and 1835. It was represented in See also:parliament from 1295 to 1868. Fairs on See also:March 3, See also:October 14 and See also:November 30 were granted before 116o, and in 1201 fairs on May 9, November 25 and See also:June 25 were added. They were important in the middle ages for the See also:sale of See also:cloth made in the town, but the fairs which are now held on the first Tuesdays in See also:January, May, See also:July, November and See also:December are noted for the sale of See also:cheese. The market days for the sale of See also:cattle and provisions are Wednesdays and Saturdays. See also:Silk-making, See also:stocking-making and gloving replaced the cloth See also:trade in Wells, but have now given place to See also:brush-making, See also:corn and See also:paper milling, which began early in the 19th century.
See See also:Victoria See also:County History, Somerset; See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Serel, Lectures on Wells (188o).
End of Article: WELLS
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!