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DERHAM, WILLIAM (1657—1735)

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 74 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DERHAM, See also:WILLIAM (1657—1735) , See also:English divine, was See also:born at Stoulton, near See also:Worcester, on the 26th of See also:November 1657. He was educated at Blockley, in his native See also:county, and at Trinity See also:College, See also:Oxford. In 1682 he became See also:vicar of Wargrave, in See also:Berkshire; and in 1689 he was preferred to the living of Upminster, in See also:Essex. In 1696 he published his Artificial Clockmaker, which went through several See also:editions. The best known of his subsequent See also:works are Physico-See also:Theology, published in 1713; Astro-Theology, 1714; and Christo-Theology, 1730. The first two of these books were teleological arguments for the being and attributes of See also:God, and were used by See also:Paley nearly a See also:century later. In 1702 Derham was elected See also:fellow of the Royal Society, and in 1716 was made a See also:canon of See also:Windsor. He was See also:Boyle lecturer in 1711-1712. His last See also:work, entitled A See also:Defence of the See also:Church's Right in Leasehold Estates, appeared in 1731. He died on the 5th of See also:April 1735. Besides the works published in his own name, Derham, who was keenly interested in natural See also:history, contributed a variety of papers to the Transactions of the Royal Society, revised the Miscellanea Curiosa, edited the See also:correspondence of See also:John See also:Ray and Eleazar Albin's Natural History, and published some of the See also:MSS. of See also:Robert See also:Hooke, the natural philosopher. D'ERLON, See also:JEAN See also:BAPTISTE See also:DROUET, See also:COUNT (1765—1844), See also:marshal of See also:France, was born at See also:Reims on the 29th of See also:July 1765.

He entered the See also:

army as a private soldier in 1782, was discharged after five years' service, re-entered it in 1792, and See also:rose rapidly to the See also:rank of an officer. From 1794 to 1796 he was aide-de-See also:camp to See also:General See also:Lefebvre. He did See also:good service in the See also:campaigns of the revolutionary See also:wars and in 1799 attained the rank of general of See also:brigade. In the See also:campaign of that See also:year he was engaged in the Swiss operations under See also:Massena. In 'Soo he fqught under See also:Moreau at Hohenlinden. As a general of See also:division he took See also:part in See also:Napoleon's campaigns of 1805 and 1806, and rendered excellent service at See also:Jena. He was next engaged under Lefebvre in the See also:siege of See also:Danzig and negotiated the terms of surrender; after this he rejoined the See also:field army and fought at See also:Friedland (1807), receiving a severe See also:wound. After this See also:battle he was made See also:grand officer of the See also:Legion of See also:Honour, was created Count d'Erlon and received a See also:pension. For the next six years d'Erlon was almost continuously engaged as See also:commander of an army See also:corps in the See also:Peninsular See also:War, in which he added greatly to his reputation as a capable general. At the pass of See also:Maya in the See also:Pyrenees he inflicted a defeat upon See also:Lord See also:Hill's troops, and in the subsequent battles of the 1814 campaign he distinguished himself further. After the first Restoration he was named commander of the 16th military division, but he was soon arrested for conspiring with the See also:Orleans party, to which he was secretly devoted. He escaped, however, and gave in his See also:adhesion to Napoleon, who had returned from See also:Elba.

The See also:

emperor made him a peer of France, and gave him command of the I. army corps, which formed part of the Army of the See also:North. In the See also:Waterloo campaign d'Erlon's corps formed part of See also:Ney's command on the 16th of See also:June, but, in consequence of an extraordinary See also:series of misunderstandings, took part neither at Ligny nor at Quatre See also:Bras (see WATERLOO CAMPAIGN). He was not, however, held to See also:account by Napoleon, and as the latter's practice in such matters was severe to the See also:verge of injustice, it may be presumed that the failure was not due to d'Erlon. He was in command of the right wing of the See also:French army throughout the See also:great battle of the 18th of June, and fought in the closing operations around See also:Paris. At the second Restoration d'Erlon fled into See also:Germany, only returning to France after the See also:amnesty of 1825. He was not restored to the service until the See also:accession of See also:Louis Philippe, in whose interests he had engaged in several plots and intrigues. As commander of the 12th military division (See also:Nantes), he suppressed the legitimist agitation in his See also:district and caused the See also:arrest of the duchess of See also:Berry (1832). His last active service was in See also:Algeria, of which See also:country he was made See also:governor-general in 1834 at the See also:age of seventy. He returned to France after two years, and was made marshal of France shortly before his See also:death at Paris on the 25th of See also:January 1844.

End of Article: DERHAM, WILLIAM (1657—1735)

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