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See also:ESSEX, See also:ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 See also:EARL OF (1566-1601) ,
son of the 1st Devereux earl, was See also:born at Netherwood, See also:Hereford-
See also:shire, on the 19th of See also:November 1566. He entered the university
of See also:Cambridge and graduated in 1581. In 1585 he accompanied
his stepfather, the earl of See also:Leicester, on an expedition to See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland,
and greatly distinguished himself at the See also:battle of See also:Zutphen.
He now took his See also:place at See also:court, where so handsome a youth
soon found favour with See also:Queen See also:Elizabeth, and in consequence
was on See also:bad terms with See also:Raleigh. In 1587 he was appointed
See also:master of the See also:horse, and in the following See also:year was made See also:general
of the horse and installed See also:knight of the Garter. On the See also:death
of Leicester he succeeded him as See also:chief favourite of the queen, a
position which injuriously affected his whole subsequent See also:life, and
ultimately resulted in his ruin. While Elizabeth was approach-
See also:ing the mature See also:age of sixty, Essex was scarcely twenty-one.
Though well aware of the advantages of his position, and some-
what vain of the queen's favour, his See also:constant attendance on her
' See also:Diary and Corresp. (185o), ii. 141, 178.
2 i.e. in the Devereux See also:line.
at court was irksome to him beyond all endurance; and when he could not make his See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape to the scenes of See also:foreign See also:adventure after which he longed, he varied the monotony of his life at court by intrigues with the maids of See also:honour, He fought a See also:duel with See also:Sir See also:Charles See also:Blount, a See also:rival favourite of the queen, in which the earl was disarmed and slightly wounded in the thigh.
In 1589, without the queen's consent, he joined the expedition of See also:Drake and Sir See also:John See also:Norris against See also:Spain, but in See also:June he was compelled to obey a See also:letter enjoining him at his " uttermost peril " to return immediately. In 1590 Essex married the widow of Sir See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Sidney, but in dread of the queen's anger he kept the See also:marriage See also:secret as See also:long as possible. When it was necessary to avow it, her rage at first knew no See also:bounds, but as the earl did " use it with See also:good See also:temper," and " for her See also:majesty's better See also:satisfaction was pleased that my See also:lady should live retired in her See also:mother's See also:house," he soon came to be " in very good favour." In 1591 he was appointed to the command of a force See also:auxiliary to one formerly sent to assist See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry IV. of See also:France against the Spaniards; but after a fruitless See also:campaign he was finally recalled from the command in See also:January 1592. For some years after this most of his See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time was spent at court, where he held a position of unexampled See also:influence, both on See also:account of the favour of the queen and from his own See also:personal popularity. In 1596 he was, after a See also:great many " changes of See also:humour" on the queen's See also:part, appointed along with See also:Lord See also:Howard of Effingham, Raleigh and Lord See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Howard, to the command of an expedition, which was successful in defeating the See also:Spanish See also:fleet, capturing and pillaging See also:Cadiz, and destroying 53 See also:merchant vessels. It would seem to have been shortly after this exploit that the beginnings of a See also:change in the feelings of the queen towards him came into existence. On his return she chided him that he had not followed up his successes, and though she professed great See also:pleasure at again seeing him in safety, and was ultimately satisfied that the abrupt termination of the expedition was contrary to his See also:advice and remonstrances, she forbade him to publish anything in See also:justification of his conduct. She doubtless was offended at his growing tendency to assert his See also:independence, and jealous of his increasing popularity with the See also:people; but it is also probable that her See also:strange infatuation regarding her own charms, great as it was, scarcely prevented her from suspecting either that his professed See also:attachment had all along been somewhat alloyed with considerations of personal See also:interest, or that at least it was now beginning to cool. See also:Francis See also:- BACON
- BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
- BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
- BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
- BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
- BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
- BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)
Bacon, at that time his most intimate friend, endeavoured to prevent the threatened rupture by See also:writing him a long letter of advice; and although perseverance in a long course of feigned See also:action was for Essex impossible, he for some time attended See also:pretty closely to the hints of his See also:mentor, so that the queen " used him most graciously." In 1597 he was appointed master of the See also:ordnance, and in the following year he obtained command of an expedition against Spain, known as the Islands or See also:Azores Voyage. He gained some trifling successes, but as the See also:Plate fleet escaped him he failed of his See also:main purpose; and when on his return the queen met him with the usual reproaches, he retired to his See also:home at See also:Wanstead. This was not what Elizabeth desired, and although she conferred on Lord Howard of Effingham the earldom of See also:Nottingham for services at Cadiz, the main merit of which was justly claimed by Essex, she ultimately held out to the latter the See also:olive See also:branch of See also:peace, and condescended to soothe his wounded honour by creating him earl See also:marshal of See also:England. That, nevertheless, the irritated feelings neither of Essex nor of the queen were completely healed was manifested shortly afterwards in a manner which set propriety completely at See also:defiance. In a discussion on the See also:appointment of a lord See also:deputy to See also:Ireland, Essex, on account of some taunting words of Elizabeth, turned his back upon her with a gesture indicative not only of anger but of contempt, and when she, unable to See also:control her indignation, slapped him on the See also:face, he See also:left her presence See also:- SWEARING (O. Eng. swerian, to swear, originally to speak aloud, cf. andswerian, to answer, Ger. schworen, Dan. svaerge, &c., all from root sorer-, to make a sound, cf. " swarm," properly the buzzing of bees, Lat. susurrus)
swearing that such an insult he would not have endured even from Henry VIII.
In 1599, while See also:Ulster was in See also:rebellion under the earl of See also:Tyrone, the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of See also:lieutenant and See also:governor-general of Ireland was conferred on Essex, and a large force out at his command.,
His campaign was an unsuccessful one, and by acting in various ways in opposition to the commands of the queen and the See also:council, agreeing with Tyrone on a truce in See also:September, and suddenly leaving the See also:post of See also:duty with the See also:object of privately vindicating himself before the queen, he laid himself open to charges more serious than that of See also:mere incompetency. For these misdemeanours he was brought in June 1600 before a specially constituted court, deprived of all his high offices, and ordered to live a prisoner in his own house during the queen's pleasure. Chiefly through the intercession of Bacon his See also:liberty was shortly afterwards restored to him, but he was ordered not to return to court. For some time he hoped for an improvement in his prospects, but when he was refused the renewal of his patent for sweet wines, See also:hope was succeeded by despair, and See also:half maddened by wounded vanity, he made an See also:attempt (Feb. 7, 16or) to incite a revolution in his behalf, by parading the streets of See also:London with 300 retainers, and shouting, " For the queen! a See also:plot is laid for my life!" These proceedings awakened, however, scarcely any other feelings than mild perplexity and wonder; and finding that hope of assistance from the citizens was vain, he returned to Essex House, where after defending himself for a See also:short time he surrendered. After a trial—in which Bacon, who prosecuted, delivered a speech against his quondam friend and benefactor, the bitterness of which was quite unnecessary to secure a conviction entailing at least very severe punishment—he was condemned to death, and notwithstanding many alterations in Elizabeth's See also:mood, the See also:sentence was carried out on the 25th of See also:February 1601.
Essex was in See also:person tall and well proportioned, with a countenance which, though not strictly handsome, possessed, on account of its bold, cheerful and amiable expression, a wonderful See also:power of See also:fascination. He was a See also:patron of literature, and himself a poet. His See also:carriage was not very graceful, but his See also:manners are said to have been " courtly, See also:grave and exceedingly comely." He was brave, chivalrous, impulsive, imperious sometimes with his equals, but generous to all his dependants and incapable of secret malice; and these virtues, which were innate and which remained with him to the last, must be regarded as some-what counterbalancing, in our estimation of him, the follies and vices created by temptations which were exceptionally strong.
See Hon. W. B. Devereux, Lives of the Earls of Essex (1853); and Bacon and Essex, by E. A. See also:Abbott (1877). Also the See also:article BACON, FRANCIS, and authorities there.
End of Article: ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
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