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See also:LEICESTER, See also:ROBERT See also:DUDLEY, See also:EARL of (c. 1531–1588).
This favourite of See also:Queen See also:Elizabeth came of an ambitious See also:family.
They were not, indeed, such See also:mere upstarts as their enemies
loved to represent them; for Leicester's grandfather—the
notorious See also:Edmund Dudley who was one of the See also:chief See also:instruments
of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry VII.'s extortions—was descended from a younger
See also:branch of the barons of Dudley. But the love of See also:power was a
See also:passion which seems to have increased in them with each succeed-
See also:ing See also:generation, and though the grandfather was beheaded by
Henry VIII. for his too devoted services in the preceding reign,
the See also:father See also:grew powerful enough in the days of See also:Edward VI.
to trouble the See also:succession to the See also:crown. This was that See also:John
Dudley, See also:duke of See also:Northumberland, who contrived the See also:marriage
of See also:Lady Jane See also:Grey with his own son See also:Guildford Dudley, and
involved both her and her See also:husband in a See also:common ruin with
himself. Robert Dudley, the subject of this See also:article, was an See also:elder
See also:brother of Guildford, and shared at that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time in the misfortunes
of the whole family. Having taken up arms with them against
Queen See also:Mary, he was sent to the See also:Tower, and was sentenced to
Saxon named See also:Edgar has been described as the 1st earl of Leicester. See also:death; but the queen not only pardoned and restored him to
390 LEICESTER, EARLS OF
See also:liberty, but appointed him See also:master of the See also:ordnance. On the to Leicester's discredit and was kept See also:secret at first; but it was revealed to the queen in 1579 by Simier, an emissary of the duke of See also:Alencon, to whose projected match with Elizabeth the earl seemed to be the See also:principal obstacle. The queen showed See also:great displeasure at the See also:news, and had some thought, it is said, of committing Leicester to the Tower, but was dissuaded from doing so by his See also:rival the earl of See also:Sussex. He had not, indeed, favoured the Alencon marriage, but otherwise he had sought to promote a See also:league with See also:France against See also:Spain. He and Burleigh had listened to proposals from France for the See also:conquest and See also:division of See also:Flanders, and they were in the secret about the See also:capture of See also:Brill. When Alencon actually arrived, indeed, in See also:August 1579, Dudley being in disgrace, showed himself for a time See also:anti-See also:French; but he soon returned to his former policy. He encouraged See also:Drake's piratical expeditions against the Spaniards and had a See also:share in the See also:booty brought See also:home. In See also:February 1582 he, with a number of other noblemen and gentlemen, escorted the duke of Alencon on his return to See also:Antwerp to be invested with the See also:government of the See also:Low Countries. In 1584 he inaugurated an association for the See also:protection of Queen Elizabeth against conspirators. About this time there issued from the See also:press the famous pamphlet, supposed to have been the See also:work of See also:Parsons the Jesuit, entitled Leicester's See also:Commonwealth, which was intended to suggest that the See also:English constitution was subverted and the government handed over to one who was at See also:heart an atheist and a traitor, besides being a See also:man of in-famous See also:life and morals. The See also:book was ordered to be suppressed by letters from the privy See also:council, in which it was declared that the charges against the earl were to the queen's certain knowledge untrue; nevertheless they produced a very strong impression, and were believed in by some who had no sympathy with See also:Jesuits See also:long after Leicester's death. In 1585 he was appointed See also:commander of an expedition to the Low Countries in aid of the revolted provinces, and sailed with a See also:fleet of fifty See also:ships to See also:Flushing, where he was received with great See also:enthusiasm. In See also:January following he was invested with the government of the provinces, but immediately received a strong reprimand from the queen for taking upon himself a See also:function which she had not authorized. Both he and the states See also:general were obliged to apologize; but the latter protested that they had no intention of giving him See also:absolute See also:control of their affairs, and that it would be extremely dangerous to them to revoke the See also:appointment. Leicester accordingly was allowed to retain his dignity; but the incident was inauspicious, nor did affairs prosper greatly under his management. The most brilliant achievement of the See also:war was the See also:action at See also:Zutphen, in which his See also:nephew See also:Sir See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Sidney was slain. But complaints were made by the states general of the conduct of the whole See also:campaign. He returned to See also:England for a time, and went back in 1587, when he made an abortive effort to raise the See also:siege of See also:Sluys. Disagreements increasing between him and the states, he was recalled by the queen, from whom he met with a very See also:good reception; and he continued in such favour that in the following summer (the See also:year being that of the See also:Armada, 1588) he was appointed See also:lieutenant-general of the See also:army mustered at Tilbury to resist See also:Spanish invasion. After the crisis was past he was returning homewards from the See also:court to See also:Kenilworth, when he was attacked by a sudden illness and died at his See also:house at Cornbury in See also:Oxfordshire, on the 4th See also:September.
Such are the See also:main facts of Leicester's life. Of his See also:character it is more difficult to speak with confidence, but some features of it are indisputable. Being in See also:person tall and remarkably handsome, he improved these advantages by a very ingratiating manner. A man of no small ability and still more ambition, he was nevertheless vain, and presumed at times upon his See also:influence with the queen to a degree that brought upon him a See also:sharp rebuff. Yet Elizabeth stood by him. That she was ever really in love with him, as See also:modern writers have supposed, is extremely questionable; but she saw in him some valuable qualities which marked him as the fitting recipient of high favours. He was a man of princely tastes, especially in See also:architecture. At court he became latterly the See also:leader of the Puritan party,
See also:accession of Elizabeth he was also made master of the See also:horse.
He as then, perhaps, about seven-and-twenty, and was evidently rising rapidly in the queen's favour. At an See also:early See also:age he had been married to Amy, daughter of Sir John See also:Robsart. The match had been arranged by his father, who was very studious to provide in this way for the future fortunes of his See also:children, and the See also:wedding was graced by the presence of See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King Edward. But if it was not a love match, there seems to have been no See also:positive estrangement between the couple. Amy visited her husband in the Tower during his imprisonment; but afterwards when, under the new queen, he was much at court, she lived a good See also:deal apart from him. He visited her, however, at times, in different parts of the See also:country, and his expenses show that he treated her liberally. In September 156o she was staying at Cumnor See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall in See also:Berkshire, the house of one See also:Anthony See also:Forster, when she met her death under circumstances which certainly aroused suspicions of foul See also:play. It is quite clear that her death had been surmised some time before as a thing that would remove an obstacle to Dudley's marriage with the queen, with whom he stood in so high favour. We may take it, perhaps, from Venetian See also:sources, that she was then in delicate See also:health, while Spanish See also:state papers show further that there were scandalous rumours of a See also:design to, See also:poison her; which were all the more propagated by malice after the event. The occurrence, however, was explained as owing to a fall down stairs in which she See also:broke her See also:neck; and the explanation seems perfectly adequate to See also:account for all we know about it. Certain it is that Dudley continued to rise in the queen's favour. She made him a See also:Knight of the Garter, and bestowed on him the See also:castle of Kenilworth, the lordship of See also:Denbigh and other lands of very great value in See also:Warwickshire and in See also:Wales. In September 1564 she created him See also:baron of Denbigh, and immediately afterwards earl of Leicester. In the preceding See also:month, when she visited See also:Cambridge, she at his See also:request addressed the university in Latin. The honours shown him excited See also:jealousy, especially as it was well known that he entertained still more ambitious hopes, which the queen apparently did not altogether discourage. The earl of Sussex, in opposition to him, strongly favoured a match with the See also:archduke See also:Charles of See also:Austria. The court was divided, and, while arguments were set forth on the one See also:side against the queen's marrying a subject, the other party insisted strongly on the disadvantages of a See also:foreign See also:alliance. The queen, however, was so far from being foolishly in love with him that in 1564 she recommended him as a husband for Mary Queen of Scots. But this, it was believed, was only a See also:blind, and it may be doubted how far the proposal was serious. After his creation as earl of Leicester great See also:attention was paid to him both at home and abroad. The university of See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford made him their See also:chancellor, and Charles IX. of France sent him the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of St See also:Michael. A few years later he formed an ambiguous connexion with the baroness See also:dowager of See also:Sheffield, which was maintained by the lady, if not with truth at least with great plausibility, to have been a valid marriage, though it was concealed from the queen. Her own subsequent conduct, however, went far to discredit her statements; for she married again during Leicester's life, when he, too, had found a new conjugal partner. Long afterwards, in the days of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James I., her son, Sir Robert Dudley, a man of extraordinary talents, sought to establish his See also:legitimacy; but his suit was suddenly brought to a stop, the witnesses discredited and the documents connected with it sealed up by an order of the See also:Star Chamber.
In 1575 Queen Elizabeth visited the earl at Kenilworth, where she was entertained for some days with great magnificence. The picturesque account of the event given by Sir See also:Walter See also:Scott has made every one See also:familiar with the general character of the See also:scene. Next year Walter, earl of See also:Essex, died in See also:Ireland, and Leicester's subsequent marriage with his widow again gave rise to very serious imputations against him. For See also:report said that he had had two children by her during her husband's See also:absence in Ireland, and, as the See also:feud between the two earls was notorious, Leicester's many enemies easily suggested that he had poisoned his rival. This marriage, at all events, tended
and his letters were pervaded by expressions of religious feeling which it is hard to believe were insincere. Of the darker suspicions against him it is enough to say that much was certainly reported beyond the truth; but there remain some facts sufficiently disagreeable, and others, perhaps, sufficiently mysterious, to make a just estimate of the man a rather perplexing problem.
No See also:special See also:biography of Leicester has yet been written except in See also:biographical dictionaries and encyclopaedias. A general account of him will be found in the See also:Memoirs of the Sidneys prefixed to See also:Collins's Letters and Memorials of State; but the fullest yet published is Mr Sidney See also:- LEE
- LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
- LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
- LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
- LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
- LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
- LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
- LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
- LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
- LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
- LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
- LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
- LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
- LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)
Lee's article in the See also:Dictionary of See also:National Biography (See also:London, 1888) where the sources are given. Leicester's career has to be made out from documents and state papers, especially from the See also:Hatfield See also:MSS. and See also:Major See also:Hume's See also:Calendar of documents from the Spanish archives bearing on the See also:history of Queen Elizabeth. This last is the most See also:recent source. Of others the principal are See also:Digges's Compleat See also:Ambassador (1655), John See also:Nichols's Progresses of Queen Elizabeth and the Leycester See also:Correspondence edited by J. See also:Bruce for the See also:Camden Society. The death of Dudley's first wife has been a fruitful source of See also:literary controversy. The most recent addition to the evidences, which considerably alters their complexion, will be found in the English See also:Historical See also:Review, xiii. 83, giving the full See also:text (in English) of De Quadra's See also:letter of See also:Sept.
156o, on which so much has been built. (J.
End of Article: LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
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