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NOTTINGHAM , a See also:city and See also:county of a city, municipal, county and See also:parliamentary See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough, and county See also:town of Nottingham-See also:shire, See also:England. Pop. (1901) 239,743. It stands on the See also:left (See also:north) See also:bank of the See also:Trent and its tributary the Leen. It is 125 M. N.N.W. from See also:London by the Midland railway, and is also served by the See also:Great Central and Great See also:Northern See also:railways. See also:Water communications are afforded by the See also:Grantham See also:canal eastward, by the Nottingham and Erewash canals westward, communicating with the Cromford canal in See also:Derbyshire, and by the Trent. The See also:plan of the town is irregular, and the See also:main thorough-fares are generally See also:modern in See also:appearance, many of the old narrow streets having been wholly altered or renewed. About the centre of the town is an open See also:market-See also:place some 5z acres in See also:area, said to be the largest of its See also:kind in England. Nottingham See also:Castle occupies a See also:fine site to the S., on an abrupt rocky See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill. The See also:ancient remains are not large, including only a restored See also:Norman gateway and fragments of the fortifications. In 1878 the site was acquired on See also:lease by the See also:corporation, and the See also:building was opened as the Nottingham and Midland Counties See also:Art Museum. The See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St See also:Mary is a fine Perpendicular cruciform structure, with a central See also:tower. St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's church is mainly Perpendicular, but shows traces of an earlier building. St See also:Nicholas' church, near the castle, is a See also:plain building of See also:brick dating from 1676. There are several handsome modern churches, among which is the See also:Roman -See also:Catholic See also:cathedral of St See also:Barnabas, from the designs of A. W. See also:Pugin, erected in 1842-1844. There are a large number of See also:Nonconformist places of See also:worship. The See also:principal See also:secular buildings are the See also:guildhall and city sessions See also:court (1887), the shire See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, the See also:Albert Hall and the See also:Exchange; there are two principal theatres, the See also:Theatre Royal and the See also:Empire Theatre. Among educational establishments the principal is University See also:College, for which a fine range of buildings was opened in 1881,
' See esp. his See also:letter to See also:Walsingham, See also:Naval See also:Record See also:Soc. Pub. i. 65.
2 Hist. See also:MSS. See also:Comm. See also:Marquess of See also:Salisbury's MSS. iv. 203.
3 Cal. St Pap. Dom. 1601-1603, p. 181.containing the See also:free municipal library and the museum of natural See also:history. The free See also:grammar school, founded in 1513, for some See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time in disuse, was revived in 1807, and on its removal in 1868 to new buildings, became known as the High School. There are also the Nottingham High School for girls; the See also:blue-coat school, founded in 1723; the See also:People's College, founded in 1846; two technical See also:schools; the Congregational See also:Institute; and the Nottingham school of art, for which a fine building was erected in 1865 in the See also:Italian See also:style. The Midland Baptist college was transferred from Chilwell to Nottingham in 1882.
The See also:General See also:Hospital was founded in 1781, and there are the Nottingham and Midland See also:eye infirmary, the county See also:asylum and the Midland institution for the See also:blind. The See also:Arboretum and the See also:Forest are the principal public See also:pleasure-grounds; the county See also:cricket See also:club plays matches on the Trent See also:Bridge ground, and there is a racecourse at Colwick, E. of the city. To the N.W., but within the city boundaries, are the See also:industrial districts of Radford and Basford, beyond which lies Bulwel], with collieries, See also:limestone quarries and earthenware manufactures. Bestwood See also:Park, in the vicinity, contained a See also:hunting See also:lodge of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry I., being included in See also:Sherwood Forest. To the N., Sherwood is a growing residential See also:district; another extends towards Gedling on the E. Southward, across the Trent, See also:West Bridgford is another large residential suburb. To the W. is Lenton, and Beeston has become a populous suburb mainly owing to the See also:establishment of large See also:cycle and motor See also:works.
Nottingham itself became an important seat of the See also:stocking See also:trade towards the See also:close of the 18th See also:century. It was here that See also:Richard See also:Arkwright in 1769 erected his first See also:spinning See also:frame, and here also See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James Hargreaves had the See also:year previously removed with his spinning jenny after his See also:machine had been destroyed by a See also:mob at See also:Blackburn. Nottingham has devoted itself chiefly to See also:cotton, See also:silk and See also:merino See also:hosiery. Up to 1815 point See also:lace was also an important manufacture. In 18o8 and 1809 See also:John See also:Heathcoat obtained See also:patents for See also:machines for making bobbin See also:net, which inaugurated a new era in the lace manufacture. The See also:industries also include See also:bleaching, the See also:dyeing, spinning and twisting of silk, the spinning of cotton and woollen See also:yarn, tanning, See also:engineering and See also:brewing, while cycle works and See also:tobacco factories are important, and the industries have the See also:advantage of the close proximity of See also:coal-mines. Besides the general market there is a large See also:cattle market.
Nottingham received its style of a city and county of a city by letters patent of the 7th of See also:August 1897. The parliamentary borough returns three members to See also:parliament, being divided into W., E. and S. divisions. The city is governed by a See also:mayor, 16 aldermen and 48 councillors. Area, 10,935 acres.
History.—The advantageous position of Nottingham (Snotengaham, Notingeham) on the Trent, where it was crossed by an ancient See also:highway, accounts for its origin, whether in Roman or Saxon times. The Saxon See also:form of the name is taken to refer to the caves, anciently used as dwelling-places, which were hollowed out of the soft See also:sandstone. Examples of these occur in the Castle See also:rock, in the Rock Holes W. of the castle, in the suburb of Sneinton and elsewhere. It was chosen by the Danes for their See also:winter quarters in 868, and constituted one of their five burghs. In 922 it was secured and fortified by See also:Edward the See also:Elder, who in 924 built a second " See also:burgh " opposite the first and connected with it by a bridge over the See also:river. lEthelstan, the successor of Edward the Elder, established there a royal See also:mint. In 1013 the town submitted to Sweyn. See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William I. erected a castle, and mention of a new borough occurs in Domesday See also:Book, and this seems to be the first See also:evidence of the existence of the " See also:French borough " which See also:grew up in Nottingham under the See also:Normans, and was distinguished from the See also:English borough by the different customs which prevailed in it. Parliaments were held at Nottingham in 1334, 1337 and 1357, and it was the See also:scene of the See also:conference of the See also:judges with Richard II. in August 1387. Several important persons have been imprisoned in the castle, among others See also:David II. of See also:Scotland. Edward IV. assembled his troops at Nottingham in 1461; and it was the headquarters of Richard III. before the See also:battle of See also:Bosworth in 1485: In 1642 See also:Charles I. finally See also:broke with
the Parliament by setting up his See also:standard at Nottingham, and hamshire, terminate a See also:Permian outcrop continuous from See also:Durham, during the ensuing See also:Civil See also:War the castle was held by each of the h two parties more than once. In 1644 it was dismantled by
See also:Cromwell's orders.
Henry II. granted the first extant See also:charter, which confirmed to the burgesses the liberties they had under Henry I., referred to a market on Saturdays, and forbade the working of dyed See also:cloth, except in Nottingham, within ten leagues of the borough. This was confirmed by John, who also granted a gild-See also:merchant. Henry III. allowed the burgesses to hold the town in See also:fee-See also:farm, and Edward I. granted them a mayor and two bailiffs, one to be chosen from each borough. Henry VI. confirmed all preceding privileges, first incorporated the mayor and burgesses, and granted that the town, except the castle and the See also:gaol, should be a county of itself. Two sheriffs were to replace the two bailiffs. This charter remained, except for temporary surrenders under Charles II. and James II., the governing charter of the corporation until the Municipal See also:Act of 1835. Nottingham returned two members to parliament from 1295 until 1885, when the number was increased to three. Edward I. granted an eight-days' See also:fair in See also:September and a fifteen-days' fair in See also:November, the last altered by Richard II. to a five-days' fair in See also:February. Two other fairs were granted by See also:Anne; one large fair, See also:Goose Fair, is still held. This begins on the first See also:Thursday in See also:October and lasts three days. The markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays are held by prescriptive right. Besides the Reform riots of 1831, Nottingham witnessed in 1811 the Luddite disturbances. In 187o Nottingham was made the seat of a See also:suffragan See also:bishop of the See also:diocese of See also:Lincoln, but as it is now in the diocese of See also:Southwell there is no suffragan bishopric.
End of Article: NOTTINGHAM
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