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See also:CROMWELL, See also:RICHARD (1626–1712) , See also:lord See also:protector of See also:England, eldest surviving son of See also:Oliver Cromwell and of See also:Elizabeth See also:Bourchier, was See also:born on the 4th of See also:October 1626. He served in the See also:parliamentary See also:army, and in 1647 was admitted a member of See also:Lincoln's See also:Inn. In 1649 he married Dorothy, daughter of Richard See also:Mayor, or See also:Major, of Hursley in See also:Hampshire. He represented Hampshire in the See also:parliament of 1654, and See also:Cambridge University in that of 1656, and in See also:November 1655 was appointed one of the See also:council of See also:trade. But he was not brought forward by his See also:father or prepared in any way for his future greatness, and lived in the See also:country occupied with See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field See also:sports, till after the institution of the second See also:protectorate in 1657 and the recognition of Oliver's right to name his successor. On the 18th of See also:July he succeeded his father as See also:chancellor of the university of See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, on the 31st of See also:December he was made a member of the council of See also:state, and about the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time obtained a See also:regiment and a seat in Cromwell's See also:House of Lords. He was received generally as his father's successor, and was nominated by him as such on his See also:death-See also:bed. He was proclaimed on the 3rd of See also:September 1658, and at first his See also:accession was acclaimed with See also:general favour both at See also:home and abroad. Dissensions, however, soon See also:broke out between the military See also:faction and the civilians. Richard's See also:elevation, not being " general of the army as his father was," was distasteful to the See also:officers, who desired the See also:appointment of a See also:commander-in-See also:chief from among themselves, a See also:request refused by Richard. The officers in the council, moreover, showed See also:jealousy of the See also:civil members, and to See also:settle these difficulties and to provide See also:money a parliament was summoned on the 27th of See also:January 1659, which declared Richard protector, and incurred the hostility of the army by criticizing severely the arbitrary military See also:government of Oliver's last two years, and by impeaching one of the major-generals. A council of the army accordingly established itself in opposition to the parliament, and demanded on the 6th of See also:April a See also:justification and See also:confirmation of former proceedings, to which the parliament replied by forbidding meetings of the army council without the permission of the protector, and insisting that all officers should take an See also:oath not to disturb the proceedings in parliament. The army now broke into open See also:rebellion and assembled at St See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James's. Richard was completely in their See also:power; he identified himself with their cause, and the same See also:night dissolved the parliament. The See also:Long
' See also:Frederic See also:Harrison, Cromwell, p. 34.
Parliament (which re-assembled on the 7th of May) and the heads of the army came to an agreement to effect his dismissal; and in the subsequent events Richard appears to have played a purely passive See also:part, refusing to make any See also:attempt to keep his power or to forward a restoration of the See also:monarchy. On the 25th of May his submission was communicated to the House. He retired into private See also:life, heavily burdened with debts incurred during his See also:tenure of See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office and narrowly escaping See also:arrest even before he quitted See also:Whitehall. In the summer of 166o he See also:left England for See also:France, where he lived in seclusion under the name of See also:John See also:- CLARKE, ADAM (1762?—1832)
- CLARKE, CHARLES COWDEN (1787-1877)
- CLARKE, EDWARD DANIEL (1769–1822)
- CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN (1810–1888)
- CLARKE, JOHN SLEEPER (1833–1899)
- CLARKE, MARCUS ANDREW HISLOP (1846–1881)
- CLARKE, MARY ANNE (c.1776–1852)
- CLARKE, SAMUEL (1675–1729)
- CLARKE, SIR ANDREW (1824-1902)
- CLARKE, SIR EDWARD GEORGE (1841– )
- CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS (1866- )
- CLARKE, WILLIAM BRANWHITE (1798-1878)
Clarke, subsequently removing elsewhere, either (for the accounts differ) to See also:Spain, to See also:Italy, or to See also:Geneva. He was long regarded by the government as a dangerous See also:person, and in 1671 a strict See also:search was made for him but without avail. He returned to England about 168o and lived at See also:Cheshunt, in the house of Sergeant See also:Pengelly, where he died on the 12th of July 1712, being buried in Hursley See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church in Hampshire. Richard Cromwell was treated with general contempt by his contemporaries, and invidiously compared with his See also:great father. According to Mrs See also:Hutchinson he was " See also:gentle and virtuous but a See also:peasant in his nature and became not greatness." He was nevertheless a See also:man of respectable abilities, of an irreproachable private See also:character, and a See also:good See also:speaker.
Domestic, See also:Lansdowne See also:MSS. in See also:British Museum. (P. C.
End of Article: CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
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