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HARRISON, BENJAMIN

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 23 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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HARRISON, See also:
BENJAMIN
BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)
BENJAMIN - (1833-1901), the twenty-thirc See also:

PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

UNITED

United States, was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

North See also:

BEND

Bend, new See also:

CINCINNATI

Cincinnati, See also:

OHIO

Ohio, on the 20th of See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1833. His See also:

GREAT

great. grandfather, Benjamin Harrison of See also:

Virginia (c. 1740-1791), wa: a signer of the See also:

DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

Declaration of See also:

Independence. His grandfather See also:

William See also:

Henry Harrison (1773–1841), was ninth president of the United States. His See also:

FATHER

father, See also:

John See also:

Scott Harrison (1804–1878), represented his See also:

DISTRICT

district in the See also:

NATIONAL

national See also:

House of Representatives in 1853–1857. Benjamin's youth was passed upon the ancestral See also:

FARM

farm, and as opportunity afforded he attended school in the lope school-house near his See also:

home. He was prepared for See also:

COLLEGE (Collegium)

college by a private See also:

TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor, studied for two years at the Farmers' College, near Cincinnati, and in 1852 graduated from See also:

MIAMI

Miami University, at that See also:

time the leading educational institution in the See also:

State of Ohio. From his youth he was diligent in his studies and a great reader, and during his college See also:

LIFE

life showed a marked See also:

TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent for extemporaneous speaking. He pursued the study of See also:

law, partly in the See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of See also:

Bellamy Storer (1798–1875), a leading lawyer and See also:

JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge of Cincinnati, and in 1853 he was admitted to the See also:

bar. At the See also:

AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twenty-one he removed to See also:

INDIANAPOLIS

Indianapolis. He had but one acquaintance in the See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, the clerk of the federal See also:

court, who permitted him to occupy a See also:

DESK (from Lat. discus, quoit, in med. sense of " table," cf. " dish " and Ger. Tisch, table, from same source)

desk in his office and place at the See also:

DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door his sign as a lawyer. Waiting for professional business, he was content to See also:

ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act as court crier for two dollars and a See also:

HALF

half a See also:

day; but he soon gave indications of his talent, and his studious habits and See also:

ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to his cases rapidly brought him clients.

Within a few years he took See also:

RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank among the leading members of the profession at a bar which included some of the ablest lawyers of the See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country. His legal career was See also:

early interrupted by the See also:

CIVIL

Civil See also:

War. His whole See also:

heart was enlisted in the See also:

ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-See also:

SLAVERY

slavery cause, and during the second See also:

YEAR

year of the war he accepted a See also:

COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission from the See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the state as second-See also:

LIEUTENANT

lieutenant and speedily raised a See also:

REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment. He became its See also:

COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel, and as such continued in the See also:

Union See also:

Army until the See also:

close of the war, and on the 23rd of See also:

JANUARY

January 1865 was breveted a brigadier-See also:

general of See also:

VOLUNTEERS

volunteers for "ability and See also:

MANIFEST (Lat. manifestus, clear, open to view)

manifest See also:

ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy and gallantry in command of See also:

BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade." He participated with his regiment in various engagements during General See also:

Don See also:

Carlos See also:

BUELL, DON CARLOS (1818-1898)

Buell's See also:

CAMPAIGNS

campaigns in See also:

KENTUCKY

Kentucky and See also:

TENNESSEE

Tennessee in 1862 and 1863; took See also:

PART

part in General W. T. See also:

Sherman's See also:

march on See also:

ATLANTA

Atlanta in 1864 and in the See also:

NASHVILLE

Nashville See also:

CAMPAIGN

campaign of the same year; and was transferred early in 1865 to Sherman's army in its march through the Carolinas. As the See also:

COMMANDER

commander of a brigade he served with particular distinction in the battles of Kenesaw See also:

Mountain (See also:

JUNE

June 29–See also:

JULY

July 3, 1864), See also:

Peach See also:

Tree See also:

Creek (loth of July 1864) and Nashville (15th–16th of See also:

DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1864). Allowing for this See also:

INTERVAL

interval of military service, he applied himself exclusively for twenty-four years to his legal See also:

WORK

work. The only office he held was that of reporter of the supreme court of See also:

INDIANA

Indiana for two terms (186o–1862 and 1864–1868), and this was strictly in the See also:

LINE

line of his profession. He was a devoted member of the Republican party, but not a politician in the strict sense. Once he became a See also:

CANDIDATE

candidate for governor, in 1876, but his candidature was a forlorn See also:

hope, undertaken from a sense of See also:

DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty after the See also:

REGULAR

regular nominee had withdrawn. He took a deep See also:

INTEREST

interest in the campaign which resulted in the See also:

election of See also:

See also:

GARFIELD, JAMES ABRAM (1831-1881)

Garfield as president, and was offered by him a place in his See also:

CABINET

cabinet; but this he declined, having been elected a member of the United States See also:

SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

Senate, in which he took his seat on the 4th of March 1881. He was chairman of the See also:

COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee on territories, and took an active part in urging the See also:

ADMISSION

admission as states of North Dakota, See also:

South Dakota, See also:

Washington, See also:

IDAHO

Idaho and See also:

MONTANA

Montana, which finally came into the Union during his See also:

PRESIDENCY

presidency. He served also on the committee of military and See also:

INDIAN

Indian affairs, the committee on See also:

FOREIGN

foreign relations and others, was prominent in the discussion of matters brought before the Senate from these committees, advocated the enlargement of the See also:

NAVY

navy and the reform of the civil service, and opposed the See also:

PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension See also:

VETO (Lat. for " I forbid ")

veto messages of President See also:

Cleveland. Having failed to secure a re-election to the Senate in 1887, Harrison was nominated by the Republican party for the presidency in 1888, and defeated Grover Cleveland, the candidate of the Democratic party, receiving 233 electoral votes to Cleveland's 168. Among the See also:

MEASURES

measures and events distinguishing his See also:

TERM

term as president were the following: The See also:

MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting of the See also:

Pan-See also:

AMERICAN

American See also:

CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress at Washington; the passage of the See also:

MCKINLEY, WILLIAM (1843—1901)

McKinley See also:

TARIFF (adapted in English from the French; the word comes through the Spanish tarifa, a list or schedule of prices, from the Arabic, ta'rifa, information, an inventory, 'arf, know-ledge)

Tariff See also:

BILL

Bill and of the Sherman See also:

SILVER

Silver Bill of 189o; the suppressing of the See also:

LOUISIANA

Louisiana Lottery; the enlargement of the navy; further advance in civil service reform; the See also:

convocation by the United States of an See also:

INTERNATIONAL, THE

international monetary See also:

CONFERENCE

conference; the See also:

ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of commercial See also:

RECIPROCITY (Lat. reciprocus, returning back the same way, alternating, probably from re back and pro forward)

reciprocity with many countries of See also:

AMERICA

America and See also:

EUROPE

Europe; the peaceful See also:

settlement of a controversy with See also:

CHILE, or CHILI (derived, it is said, from the Quichua chin , cold, or tchili, snow)

Chile; the negotiation of a Hawaiian See also:

ANNEXATION (Lat. ad, to, and nexus, joining)

Annexation Treaty, which, however, before its ratification, his successor withdrew from the Senate; the settlement of difficulties with See also:

Germany concerning the Samoan Islands, and the See also:

ADJUSTMENT (from late Lat. ad juxtare, derived from juxta, near, but early confounded with a supposed derivation from justus, right)

adjustment by See also:

arbitration with Great See also:

BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain of the See also:

BERING (BEHRING), VITUS (1680-1741)

Bering See also:

Sea See also:

FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur-See also:

seal question. His See also:

ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration was marked by a revival of American See also:

INDUSTRIES

industries and a reduction of the public See also:

DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt, and at its conclusion the country was See also:

LEFT

left in a See also:

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of prosperity and on friendly terms with foreign nations. He was nominated by his party in 1892 for re-election, but was defeated by Cleveland, this result being due, at least in part, to the labour strikes which occurred during the presidential campaign and arrayed the labour unions against the tariff party. After leaving public life he resumed the practice of the law, and in 1898 was retained by the See also:

government of See also:

VENEZUELA

Venezuela as its leading counsel in the arbitration of its boundary dispute with Great Britain. In this capacity he appeared before the inter-national tribunal of arbitration at See also:

Paris in 1899, worthily maintaining the reputation of the American bar. After the See also:

SPANISH

Spanish-American War he strongly disapproved of the colonial policy of his party, which, however, he continued to support. He occupied a portion of his leisure in See also:

writing a See also:

BOOK

book, entitled This Country of Ours (1897), treating of the organization and administration of the government of the United States, and a collection of essays by him was published posthumously, in 1901, under the See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title Views of an Ex-President. He died at Indianapolis on the 13th of March 1901.

Harrison's distinguishing trait of See also:

CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, to which his success is to be most largely attributed, was his thoroughness. He was somewhat reserved in manner, and this led to the See also:

charge in See also:

POLITICAL

political circles that he was See also:

COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold and unsympathetic; but no one gathered around him more devoted and loyal See also:

friends, and his dignified bearing in and out of office commanded the hearty respect of his countrymen. President Harrison was twice married; in 1853 to See also:

MISS

Miss See also:

Caroline Lavinia Scott, by whom he had a son and a daughter, and in 1896 to Mrs See also:

Mary Scott See also:

Lord Dimmock, by whom he had a daughter. A " campaign " See also:

BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography was published by Lew See also:

Wallace (See also:

PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia, 1888), and a See also:

SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch of his life may be found in Presidents of the United States (New See also:

York, 1891), edited by James See also:

Grant See also:

Wilson. (J. W.

End of Article: HARRISON, BENJAMIN

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