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WILSON, HENRY (1812–1875)

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 692 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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WILSON, See also:HENRY (1812–1875) , See also:vice-See also:president of the See also:United States from 1873 to 1875, was See also:born at Farmington, New See also:Hampshire, on the 16th of See also:February 1812. His name originally was See also:Jeremiah J. Colbaith. His See also:father was a See also:day-labourer and very poor. At ten years of See also:age the son went to See also:work as a f See also:arm-labourer. He was fond of See also:reading, and before the end of his See also:apprenticeship had read more than a thousand volumes. At the age of twenty-one, for some unstated See also:reason, he had his name changed by See also:Act of the Legislature to that of Henry Wilson. At See also:Natick, See also:Massachusetts, whither he travelled on See also:foot, he learned the See also:trade of shoemaker, and during his leisure See also:hours studied much and read with avidity. For See also:short periods, also, he studied in the See also:academies of See also:Strafford, N.H., Wolfeborough, N.H., and See also:Concord, N.H. After successfully establishing himself as a See also:shoe manufacturer, he attracted See also:attention as a public See also:speaker in support of See also:William Henry See also:Harrison during the presidential See also:campaign of 1840. He was in the See also:state See also:House of Representatives in 1841-42, 1846 and 185o. and in the See also:Senate in1844-45 and 1851-52. In 1848 he See also:left the Whig party and became one of the See also:chief leaders of the See also:Free See also:Soil party, serving as presiding officer of that party's See also:national See also:convention in 1852, acting as chairman of the Free Soil national See also:committee and editing from 1848 to 1851 the See also:Boston Republican, which he made the chief Free Soil See also:organ.

The Free Soil party nominated him for See also:

governor of the state in 1853, but he was defeated. For a short See also:time (1855) he identified himself with the See also:American or Know Nothing party, and afterwards acted with the Republican party. In 1855 he was elected to the United States Senate and remained there by re-elections until 1873. His uncompromising opposition to the institution of See also:slavery furnished the keynote of his earlier senatorial career, and he soon took See also:rank as one of the ablest and most effective See also:anti-slavery orators in the United States. He had been deeply interested from 184o until 185o in the See also:militia of his state, and had risen through its grades of service to that of brigadier-See also:general. Upon the outbreak of the See also:Civil See also:War he was made chairman of the military committee of the Senate, and in this position performed most laborious and important work for the four years of the war. The Republicans nominated Wilson for the vice-See also:presidency in 1872, and he was elected; but he died on the 22nd of See also:November 1875 before completing his See also:term of See also:office. He published, besides many orations, a See also:History of the Anti-Slavery See also:Measures of the See also:Thirty-Seventh and Thirty-Eighth United States Congresses (1865) ; Military Measures of the United States See also:Congress (1868) ; a History of the Reconstruction Measures of the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses (1868) and a History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave See also:Power in See also:America (3 vols., 1872–1875), his most important work. The best See also:biography is that by See also:Elias Nason and See also:Thomas See also:Russell, The See also:Life and Public Services of Henry Wilson (Boston, 1876).

End of Article: WILSON, HENRY (1812–1875)

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