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See also:CONVENTION, THE See also:NATIONAL , in See also:France, the constitutional and legislative See also:assembly which sat from the aoth of See also:September 1792 to the 26th of See also:October 1795 (the 4th of See also:Brumaire of the See also:year IV.). On the loth of See also:August 1792, when the populace of See also:Paris stormed the Tuileries and demanded the abolition of the See also:monarchy, the Legislative Assembly decreed the provisional suspension of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king and the See also:convocation of a national convention which should draw up a constitution. At the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time it was decided that the deputies to that convention should be elected by all Frenchmen 25 years old, domiciled for a year and living by the product of their labour. The National Convention was therefore the first See also:French assembly elected by universal See also:suffrage, without distinctions of class. The See also:age limit of the See also:electors was further lowered to 21, and that of eligibility was fixed at 25 years.
The first session was held on the loth of September 1792. The next See also:day See also:royalty was abolished, and on the See also:sand it was decided that all documents should be henceforth dated from the year I. of the French See also:Republic. The Convention was destined to last for three years. The See also:country was at See also:war, and it seemed best to postpone the new constitution until See also:peace should be concluded. At the same time as the Convention prolonged its See also:powers it extended them considerably in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to meet the pressing dangers which menaced the Republic. Though a legislative assembly, it took over the executive See also:power, entrusting it to its own members. This "confusion of powers," which was contrary to the philosophical theories—those of See also:Montesquieu especially—which had inspired the Revolution at first, was one of the essential characteristics of the Convention. The See also:series of exceptional See also:measures by which that confusion of powers was created constitutes the "Revolutionary See also:government" in the strict sense of the word, a government which was principally in vigour during the See also:period called "the Terror." It is thus necessary to distinguish, in the See also:work of the Convention, the temporary expedients from measures intended to be permanent.
The Convention held its first session in a See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall of the Tuileries, then it sat in the hall of Manegey and finally from. the loth of May 1793 in that of the See also:Spectacles (or See also:Machines), an immense hall in which the deputies were but loosely scattered. This last hall had tribunes for the public, which often influenced the debate by interruptions or See also:applause. The full number of deputies was 749, not counting 33 from the colonies, of whom only a See also:section arrived in Paris. Besides these, however, the departments annexed from 1792 to 1795 were allowed to send deputations. Many of the See also:original deputies died or were exiled during the Convention, but not all their places were filled by suppleants. Some of those proscribed during the Terror returned after the 9th of See also:Thermidor. Finally, many members were sent. away either to the departments or to the armies, on See also:missions which lasted sometimes for a considerable length of time. For all these reasons it is difficult to find out the number of deputies See also:present at any given date, for votes by See also:roll-See also:call were rare. Inthe Terror the number of those voting averaged only 250. The members of the Convention were See also:drawn from all classes of society, but the most numerous were lawyers. Seventy-five members had sat in the Constituent Assembly, 183 in the Legislative.
According to its own ruling, the Convention elected its See also:president every fortnight. He was eligible for re-See also:election after the See also:lapse of a fortnight. Ordinarily the sessions were held in the See also:morning, but evening sessions were also frequent, often extending See also:late into the See also:night. Sometimes in exceptional circumstances the Convention declared itself in permanent session and sat for several days without interruption. For both legislative and administrative purposes the Convention used committees, with powers more or less widely extended and regulated by successive See also:laws. The most famous of these committees are those of Public Safety, of See also:General See also:Security, of See also:Education (Comite de salut public, Comite de silrete generale, Comite de l'instruction).
The work of the Convention was immense in all branches of public affairs. To appreciate it without See also:prejudice, one should recall that this assembly saved France from a See also:civil war and invasion, that it founded the See also:system of public education (Museum, Ecole Polytechnique, Ecole Normale Superieure, Ecole See also:des Langues orientales, See also:Conservatoire), created institutions of See also:capital importance, like that of the See also:Grand Livre de la Dette publique, and definitely established the social and See also:political gains of the Revolution.
See FRENCH REVOLUTION; See also:GIRONDISTS; See also:MOUNTAIN; See also:DANTON; See also:ROBESPIERRE; See also:MARAT, &C.
End of Article: CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL
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