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WILSON, JAMES HARRISON (1837– )

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 695 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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WILSON, See also:JAMES See also:HARRISON (1837– ) , See also:American See also:cavalry soldier, was See also:born at Shawneetown, See also:Illinois, in 1837 and entered See also:West Point military See also:academy in 1855, graduating in 1860. He was appointed to the engineer See also:branch of the See also:United States See also:army, served in the See also:Port Royal and Fort See also:Pulaski operations, being breveted See also:major for his gallant conduct at Pulaski, 'was on M'Clellan's See also:staff at See also:Antietam as a See also:lieutenant-See also:colonel in 1862, and as a topographical engineer on the headquarters staff of the Army of the See also:Tennessee during the See also:Vicksburg and See also:Chattanooga See also:campaigns. His services in the intricate operations before Vicksburg were rewarded by promotion to brigadier-See also:general U.S.V. In 1864 he was appointed to command a See also:division in See also:Sheridan's cavalry See also:corps, and played a distinguished See also:part in the cavalry operations of the 4th to 6th of May during the See also:battle of the See also:Wilderness (for which he was breveted colonel U.S.A.), the so-called See also:Richmond See also:Raid, the operations on the Totopotomoy, &c. Later in 1864 he commanded the cavalry of See also:Thomas's army in Tennessee. During the closing operations of the See also:war he led a cavalry expedition on a See also:grand See also:scale through the See also:South-Western states, occupying See also:Selma, See also:Montgomery and See also:Macon, and capturing at different times nearly 7000 prisoners, including See also:President See also:Davis. He was promoted major-general of See also:volunteers and breveted major-general U.S.A. shortly before the end of the war. Returning to See also:duty in the See also:regular army as a lieutenant-colonel of See also:infantry for some years, he resigned in 1870 and engaged in See also:engineering and railway construction. In 1898, during the See also:Spanish-American War, he was appointed a major-general in the new volunteer army, and took part in the operations in See also:Porto Rico. He served in the See also:China expedition of woo as abrigadier-general and in 19o1 was placed on the retired See also:list as a brigadier-general U.S.A. WILSON, See also:RICHARD (1714—1782), See also:English landscape painter, was born at Penegoes, See also:Montgomeryshire, where his See also:father was a clergyman, on the 1st of See also:August 1714. His See also:early See also:taste for See also:art was observed by a relative of his See also:mother, See also:Sir See also:George Wynne, who in 1729 sent him to See also:London to study under Thomas See also:Wright, a little-known portrait painter of the See also:time, by whom he was instructed for six years.

He then started on his own See also:

account, and was soon in a See also:good practice. Among his commissions was a full-length of the See also:prince of See also:Wales and the See also:duke of See also:York, painted for their See also:tutor, the See also:bishop of See also:Norwich. Examples of his portraits may be studied in See also:Greenwich See also:Hospital, in the See also:Garrick See also:Club, and in various private collections. In 1749 Wilson visited See also:Italy, where he spent six years. He had previously executed some landscapes, but it was now that the See also:advice of See also:Zuccarelli and See also:Joseph See also:Vernet decided him to adopt this See also:department of art exclusively. He studied See also:Claude and Poussin, but retained his own individuality, and produced some admirable views of See also:Rome and the Campagna. In 1755 he returned to See also:England, and became one of the first of English landscape painters. " See also:Niobe," one of his most powerful See also:works, was exhibited at the Society of Artists in 176o. On the See also:establishment of the Royal Academy in 1768 he was appointed one of the See also:original members, and he was a regular contributor to its exhibitions till 1780. He frequently executed replicas of his more important subjects, repeating some of them several times; in the figures which he introduced in his landscapes he was occasionally assisted by See also:Mortimer and Hayman. During his lifetime his landscapes were never widely popular; his See also:temper was consequently embittered by neglect, and so impoverished was he that he was obliged to seclude himself in an obscure, See also:half-furnished See also:room in See also:Tottenham See also:Court Road, London. In 1776, however, he obtained the See also:post of librarian to the Academy; and by the See also:death of a See also:brother he acquired a small See also:property near Llanferras, See also:Denbigh-See also:shire, to which he retired to spend his last days, and where he died suddenly in May 1782.

After his death his fame increased, and in 1814 about seventy of his works were exhibited in the See also:

British Institution. The See also:National See also:Gallery, London, contains nine of his landscapes. The works of Wilson are skilled and learned compositions rather than See also:direct transcripts from nature. His landscapes are treated with See also:great breadth, and with a See also:power of generalization which occasionally led to a disregard of detail. They are full of classical feeling and poetic sentiment; they possess See also:noble qualities of See also:colour, and of delicate silvern See also:tone; and their handling is vigorous and easy, the See also:work of a painter who was thoroughly See also:master of his materials. See Studies and Designs by Richard Wilson, done at Rome in the See also:year 1752 (See also:Oxford, 1811); T. Wright, Some Account of the See also:Life of Richard Wilson (London, 1824): Thomas See also:Hastings, Etchings from the Works of Richard Wilson, with some See also:Memoirs of his Life (London, 1825). Many of Wilson's best works were reproduced by See also:Woollett and other engravers of the time.

End of Article: WILSON, JAMES HARRISON (1837– )

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