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See also:MORTIMER (See also:Family) . T. Mortimers of Wigmore, earls of See also:March and See also:Ulster, were of a stock akin to the See also:dukes of See also:Normandy and to many See also:great houses of the duchy. Their ancestor See also:Hugh, See also:bishop of See also:Coutances in 990, had at least three sons by a niece of Herfast the Dane, forefather of the See also:Norman earls of See also:Hereford, and See also:brother-in-See also:law of See also:Duke See also:Richard I. The eldest of these sons was See also:Ralph, See also:father of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William of See also:Warenne, See also:earl of See also:Surrey. The second was See also:Roger of Mortemer-en-Brai, in the Pays de Caux, who, like his See also:elder brother, is called filius episcopi. If we assume that Roger was See also:born before his father's See also:consecration, he must have lived to a great See also:age. In the See also:battle fought within•his own See also:village of Mortemer, Roger was a See also:leader of the force which defeated the See also:French, but, releasing an enemy of his duke, he was punished by the loss of his See also:castle, which was given to his See also:nephew, William of Warenne. The See also:chronicle of Orderieus Vitalis makes the Conqueror relate in a See also:long See also:death-See also:bed speech how he had thrust Roger out of Normandy, and, though reconciled to him, had not restored the castle " in which he saved my enemy." It is somewhat remarkable that the Mortemers, thus See also:early deprived of the castle at the source of the Eaulne, yet handed down a surname derived from it. Here also it may be noted that although Mortimer and Warenne See also:branch off from their See also:common stock before the beginnings of armorial See also:bearings, the two houses assumed arms, which speak plainly enough of their common origin. The Mortimers' See also:chief seat in Normandy became St See also:Victor-en-Caux, where in 1074, by the last recorded See also:act of Roger and his wife Hawise, the priory became an See also:abbey. Roger's age would have forbidden him to be with the duke at See also:Hastings, but, according to See also:Wace, his son Hugh was in the fight, and Ralph the third son was probably among the knights.
By the deaths of his elder See also:brothers, Ralph de Mortemer became See also:heir to his father's lands. He followed his kinsman, William Fitz-Osbern, the earl of Hereford, to the See also:marches of See also:Wales, and the Domesday See also:book for Hereford and See also:Shropshire marks the growth of the Mortimer See also:power in those countries. He remained loyal during the rising of the 2nd earl of Hereford, and was enriched by grants of many of the earl's forfeited estates, among them the castle See also:town of Wigmore, which became the chief seat of Mortimer and Cleobury, thereafter called Cleobury Mortimer. His Domesday lands See also:lie in eleven counties, but the most important are found in See also:North Hereford and See also:South Shropshire. Although keeping apart from the See also:treason of Earl Roger, Ralph See also:rose in 1188 with the other barons of the March, but was reconciled to William II., whom he afterwards supported in Normandy. He was living in 1104 a See also:partisan of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry I., and must have died soon afterwards. Hugh de Mortimer, who is found as his successor, a great See also:Herefordshire See also:baron in 1140, may have been either the son of Ralph's old age, or a See also:grandson, the son of another Ralph. During the reign of See also:Stephen, Hughoccupied himself with See also:local feuds, but seized the royal castle of See also:Bridgnorth. So great was his power in the marches, that he alone, deserted by the earl of Hereford, armed and held his three castles against Henry II. Although forced at last to submit, he was allowed to keep Wigmore and the ruins of Cleobury. This proud baron died at Cleobury (c. 1181) in the See also:habit of a See also:canon of the abbey which he had founded at Wigmore.
Ralph de Mortimer, the 5th baron of Wigmore (d. 1246), married Gwladys the Swart, daughter of See also:Llewelyn the Great, See also:prince of Wales, and by her was father of Roger, whose See also:- BRIDE (a common Teutonic word, e.g..Goth. bruths, O. Eng. bryd, O. H. Ger. prs2t, Mod. Ger. Bract, Dut. bruid, possibly derived from the root bru-, cook, brew; from the med. latinized form bruta, in the sense of daughter-in-law, is derived the Fr. bru)
bride, See also:Maude de Breuse, daughter and co-heir of that William de Breuse whom Llewelyn had hanged, brought in a third of the See also:honour of Breuse of Brecknock, and a See also:share of the honour of the earls See also:marshal. So came the lordship of See also:Radnor with other lands, and, as Eyton justly remarks, the See also:history of the Mortimers ceases to be a provincial See also:record. The last-named Roger stood steadfast for the See also:Crown during Henry III.'s struggle with his barons. He found the See also:fleet See also:horse that carried See also:Edward from his captivity. He led the See also:rear-guard at See also:Evesham, where his marchers hacked the See also:head from earl See also:Simon, and sent it to their See also:lady at Wigmore. " After that victory," says Eyton, " no See also:privilege, See also:reward or honour was too great for Mortimer to ask." Dying in 1282, he was succeeded by See also:Edmund, the eldest surviving son (d. 1304), Roger, a third son, See also:founding the See also:line of Mortimer of Chirk.
By See also:Margaret de See also:Fiennes, a kinswoman of See also:Queen Eleanor of See also:Castile, Edmund Mortimer had, with other issue, a son and heir, Roger (b. 1287), whose great See also:inheritance was increased on his See also:marriage with See also:Joan, daughter and heir of See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter de Geneville, her grandmother being a co-heir of See also:Lacy. The whole of the Geneville lands, with the See also:half of the Lacy See also:fief in See also:England and See also:Ireland, came through her to the Mortimers, who now added the castle town of See also:Ludlow and half See also:Meath to their estates. As the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king's See also:lieutenant in Ireland during Edward See also:Bruce's invasion of 1316, Roger Mortimer defeated the Lacys, his wife's jealous kinsfolk, and made her inheritance secure.
With the aid of his See also:uncle Roger Mortimer of Chirk, he assured the Mortimer power on the Welsh marches. During the See also:war with the Despensers, the force of the Mortimers was See also:cast against the king and his favourites, but after Bridgnorth Castle had been taken and fired, uncle and nephew submitted and suffered a harsh captivity for two years in the See also:Tower of See also:London. The uncle died in his See also:prison, whence the nephew made a famous See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape to See also:France. At the See also:court of See also:Charles IV. the See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile met See also:Isabel, the queen of England, and early in 1326 the See also:scandal of her See also:close friendship with the See also:lord of Wigmore had reached England. When the queen and her mercenaries from See also:Germany and See also:Hainaut landed at an See also:English See also:port in See also:September, Mortimer was with her, and he followed the See also:flight of the king to Wales. He was among the See also:judges of the elder See also:Despenser at See also:Bristol, and of the younger, his chief enemy, at Hereford. After the See also:parliament had deposed Edward II. and made the See also:young Edward king in his See also:stead, Roger, as the queen's paramour, ruled England. Enriched by the lands of the Despensers, and by those of the earl of See also:Arundel, beheaded at his command, Mortimer, who was created earl of March in 1328, never ceased to add greedily to his possessions and offices. When he held a See also:Round Table, he summoned to it, with the young king and the queen-See also:mother, almost all the nobles of the See also:kingdom, and was, says See also:Robert of Avesbury, " as it were, king over them all." But his See also:fate followed suddenly upon these doings. See also:Lancaster turned in vain upon the aggrandized march-lord, but the young king, impatient of his own puppet-like See also:place in Mortimer's polity, worked secretly and surely for his fall. Montague's men-at-arms entered Notting-See also:ham Castle by See also:night, and joining the king, seized the favourite in his chamber next the queen. Mortimer, with the courage of his See also:race, turned to See also:bay and struck dead a See also:knight who was the king's steward. But he was hurried to London and condemned by the peers; his death followed suddenly. Like any See also:foot-See also:pad, he was See also:drawn at the horse-tail to the elms of See also:Tyburn, where his See also:body hung two days upon the common gallows.
The earl's son and heir, Edmund Mortimer, had been married to See also:Elizabeth of See also:Badlesmere, heir of her brother See also:Giles. He died the See also:year after his father's fall, and his young son Roger, as he See also:grew up, was restored to a great See also:part of their forfeited inheritance. This Roger fought at See also:Crecy in " the king's battle." A founder of the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
Order of the Garter, he was summoned as a baron and obtained a reversal of his grandfather's See also:- ATTAINDER (from the O. Fr. ataindre, ateindre, to attain, i.e. to strike, accuse, condemn; Lat. attingere, tangere, to touch; the meaning has been greatly affected by the confusion with Fr. taindre, teindre, to taint, stain, Lat. tingere, to dye)
attainder. In 1355 he was summoned as earl of March. On the death of his grandmother, Ludlow Castle became the chief seat of his See also:house. But following his king in the invasion of See also:Burgundy, he died suddenly at Rouvray in 1360. His wife, a See also:grand-daughter of that William Montague, earl of See also:Salisbury, who had captured his grandfather at See also:Nottingham, survived him two-and-twenty years.
His only son, Edmund, a boy nine years. old, succeeded him as 3rd earl of March (1351-1381). A bride was found for him in the royal house. His marriage with Philippa, daughter of Lionel of See also:Antwerp, duke of See also:Clarence, by Elizabeth de See also:Burgh, the heir of Ulster, added the earldom of Ulster to his See also:style, and brought his issue into the See also:direct See also:succession of the Crown. Like so many of his race, he died young, of a chill caught in fording a See also:Munster See also:river on a See also:winter's See also:day, and his countess was dead before him. Elizabeth, their eldest See also:child, became the wife of the famous Harry See also:Percy, called Hotspur. Their second was Roger, who succeeded to his father's two earldoms as a boy of seven, and was at once appointed lieutenant of Ireland. His marriage was given to the earl of See also:Kent, who married him to his daughter, Eleanor See also:Roland, the niece of King Richard. In the parliament of 1385 the king named him as heir-presumptive to the See also:throne. The panegyrists of his family are loud in their praise of his knightly doings and his great beauty, but they speak also of his See also:lion-like ferocity, of his lasciviousness, and of his neglect of divine things. When in Ireland he defied the See also:statute of See also:Kilkenny, and ordered his garments and horse-See also:harness after the See also:fashion of an Irish chieftain. He wore the Irish See also:mantle on the day in 1398 when, in one of his See also:petty See also:wars with the See also:Leinster men, he was struck down at See also:Kells as he charged far before his horsemen. The body, mangled by Irish skenes and axes, was brought See also:home to be laid by his fathers in their abbey of Wigmore.
Once more a child succeeded to the earldoms. Edmund, 4th earl of March, was six years old at his father's death, and was, for the king's party, the heir-presumptive of the kingdom. But in 1399 the boy's fate was changed by the coming to power of the Lancastrian party, and Henry IV.'s first parliament recognized Henry's son as heir-apparent. Although Edmund and his brother Roger were brought up honourably with the new king's younger See also:children, they were in strict custody until the. king's death, broken only by the See also:attempt of their uncle, See also:Sir Edmund Mortimer, and his father-in-law, See also:Owen Glyndwyr, to carry them off from See also:Windsor to Wales, where the young earl would have been proclaimed king. Henry V., however, released the earl and restored his lands, and absolved March from any share in the See also:plot of the earl of See also:Cambridge, who had married See also:Anne, See also:sister of the earl. March served the king in his French wars, although a See also:dysentery caught in the See also:camp at See also:Harfleur seems to have kept him from his share in the See also:glory of See also:Agincourt. On the See also:accession of Henry VI. the earl was appointed to the lieutenancy of Ireland which had been held by his father and grandfather, and in Ireland, on the 19th of See also:January 1425, he died suddenly of the See also:plague. His wife, Anne, daughter of Edmund, earl of See also:Stafford, had See also:borne him no child, and thus, his brother being dead before him, the illustrious house of the Mortimers, earls of March and Ulster, became See also:extinct. Their lands and earldoms passed to Richard, duke of See also:York, son of Richard of Cambridge, by the last earl's sister, and the great name of Mortimer disappeared from the English baronage.
AuTBORITIES.—See also:Victoria History of the Counties of England—Introductions to Domesday book for Hereford and Shropshire; Eyton's Antiquities of Shropshire; See also:Dictionary of See also:National See also:Biography; See also:Dugdale's lktonasticon; Stapleton's Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniae; G. E. C.'s See also:Complete See also:Peerage; See also:Rymer's Foedera; See also:Journal of the See also:British Archaeological Association, vol. See also:xxiv. Inquests, See also:post mortem, close, patent and See also:charter rolls, &c. (O.
End of Article: MORTIMER (Family)
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