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area of 931 sq. m., had a population of nearly roo,000; including a large number of prosperous colonists. The railway from Porto Alegre to Novo Hamburgo and Taquara (55 m.) affords an outlet for some of the older German colonies. The railway from Porto Alegre to See also:

URUGUAYANA

Uruguayana is completed from Margem da Taquary to Cacequy, 232 M. Its starting point, Margem da Taquary, is about 8o m. from the city, with which it is connected by See also:

RIVER

river steamers. An See also:

EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of the railway is projected from Margem da Taquary to See also:

NEUSTADT (Polish, Prudnik)

Neustadt on the Novo Hamburgo See also:

LINE

line, and will give the city See also:

DIRECT

direct railway connexion with the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal cities of western and See also:

SOUTHERN

southern Rio Grande do Sul. The Rio Guahyba, which is not a river, was once called " Viamao " because its outline is roughly that of the human See also:

hand, the See also:

rivers entering the estuary at its See also:

head corresponding to the fingers. The See also:

LOWER

lower channels of these rivers (the Gravaty, Sinos, Cahy, Jacuhy and Taquary) are all navigable and bring considerable See also:

trade to the port. Its foreign trade is limited to See also:

LIGHT

light-See also:

DRAUGHT (from the common Teutonic word " to draw "; cf. Ger. 7'racht, load; the pronunciation led to the variant form " draft," now confined to certain specific meanings)

draught steamers able to See also:

CROSS

cross the See also:

bar at the entrance to the lake. The city occupies a See also:

TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue of See also:

LAND

land projecting into the estuary, and extends along its shores and back to a See also:

low wooded See also:

hill. Its site, as seen from the See also:

WATER

water, is attractive, though its larger See also:

PART

part is an almost level See also:

PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain.

There are pleasant suburbs along the shore and farther inland (Floresta, Gloria, Moinhos de Vento, i.e. " Windmills," Navigantes and Partenon). The See also:

CLIMATE

climate is sub-tropical, cool and bracing in See also:

winter but insufferably hot in summer. The mean See also:

ANNUAL

annual temperature is slightly under 69° F., the See also:

AVERAGE

average maximum being a little over 82° and the average minimum 59°. The annual rainfall is about 302 in. The city is regularly laid out with broad, straight, well-paved streets, in See also:

GREAT

great part lined with shady trees. The waterside streets, however, follow the See also:

CURVE (Lat. curvus, bent)

curve of the See also:

BEACH

beach. There are several public squares and gardens, the more important being the Praca Harmonla, the Praca d'Alfandega, Praca da Independencia and the Parque, where an exposition was held in 1901. The public water See also:

SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply is See also:

DRAWN

drawn from a range of hills 6 m. distant and is considered See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good. Porto Alegre, like many Brazilian cities, is in a transition See also:

STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage, and handsome new structures of See also:

French and Italian styles rise from among the low, heavy and plain old buildings of Portuguese origin. See also:

BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

Brick and broken See also:

stone are chiefly used in the walls, which are plastered out-See also:

side and tinted. Tiles are used for roofing, and on See also:

MODERN

modern edifices See also:

STUCCO (Ital. stucco, adapted from O.H.G. stucchi, crust, piece, patch, Ger. Stuck, piece, allied to stock)

stucco ornamentation is lavishly employed.

The most noteworthy public buildings are the See also:

CATHEDRAL

Cathedral (Porto Alegre being the see of a See also:

ROMAN

Roman See also:

CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

bishop), the handsome See also:

church of Nossa Senhora das Dores, the municipal See also:

PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace, school of See also:

ENGINEERING

engineering, See also:

government palace, legislative halls, school of See also:

MEDICINE

medicine, See also:

ATHENAEUM

athenaeum, normal school and public library and military See also:

barracks. One of the hospitals—that of Caridade—is the largest in the state. The city is the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief commercial centre of the state and has shipyards for the construction of river and lake vessels. It manufactures See also:

cotton fabrics, boots and shoes, See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron See also:

SAFES

safes and stoves, carriages, See also:

FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture, See also:

BUTTER (Lat. butyrum, Gr. 0obrvpov, apparently connected with $ous, cow, and rvpbs, cheese, but, according to the New English Dictionary, perhaps of Scythian origin)

butter and See also:

CHEESE (Lat. caseus)

cheese, See also:

MACARONI (from dialectic Ital. maccare, to bruise or crush)

macaroni, preserves, candles, See also:

SOAP

soap and See also:

paper. Porto Alegre was founded in 1743 by immigrants from the See also:

AZORES (Acores), or WESTERN ISLANDS

Azores and was at first known as Porto dos Cazaes. Owing to the occupation of the southern part of the captaincy by the Spaniards, See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

Governor Jose Marcellino de Figuereido selected this See also:

VILLAGE

village in 1770 as his See also:

OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence and gave to it the name itnow bears. It was made a See also:

VILLA

villa in 1803: and in 1807, when Rio Grande do Sul was made a captaincy-See also:

general, the See also:

TRANSFER (from Lat. transferre, to bear across, carry over)

transfer of the capital from Rio Grande to Porto Alegre was officially recognized. In 1822 it was raised to the See also:

RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of a city, and in 1841, as a See also:

REWARD

reward for its See also:

LOYALTY

loyalty in revolutionary See also:

WARS

wars of that See also:

province, it was distinguished by the See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of leal e valorosa (loyal and valorous). The first German immigrants to See also:

settle near Porto Alegre arrived in 1825, and much of its prosperity and commercial See also:

STANDING

standing is due to the German element.

End of Article: PORTO

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