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See also:CLEVELAND, See also:BARBARA See also:VILLIERS, DUCHESS OF (1641-1709) , See also:mistress of the See also:English See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king See also:Charles II., was the daughter of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William Villiers, 2nd See also:Viscount Grandison (d. 1643), by his wife See also:Mary (d. 1684), daughter of See also:Paul, 1st Viscount Bayning. In See also:April 1659 Barbara married See also:Roger See also:Palmer, who was created See also:earl of See also:Castlemaine two years later, and soon after this See also:marriage her intimacy with Charles II. began. The king was probably the See also:father of her first See also:child, See also:Anne, See also:born in See also:February 1661, although the paternity was also attributed to one of her earliest lovers, See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Stanhope, 2nd earl of See also:Chesterfield (1633–1713). Mistress Palmer, as Barbara was called before her See also:husband was made an earl; was naturally much disliked by Charles's See also:queen, See also:Catherine of See also:Braganza, but owing to the insistence of the king she was made a See also:lady of the bedchamber to Catherine, and began to mix in the See also:political intrigues of the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, showing an especial hatred towards See also:Edward See also:Hyde, earl of See also:Clarendon, who reciprocated this feeling and forbad his wife to visit her. Her See also:house became a See also:rendezvous for the enemies of the See also:minister, and according to See also:Pepys she exhibited a See also:wild See also:paroxysm of delight when she heard of Clarendon's fall from See also:power in 1667. Whilst enjoying the royal favour Lady Castlemaine formed liaisons with various gentlemen, which were satirized in public prints, and a See also:sharp See also:quarrel which occurred between her and the king in 1667 was partly due to this cause. But See also:peace was soon made, and her See also:influence, which had been gradually rising, became supreme at See also:court in 1667 owing to the marriage of Frances See also:Stuart (la belle Stuart) (1648–1702) with Charles Stuart, 3rd See also:duke of See also:Richmond (164o-1672). Accordingly See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV. instructed his See also:ambassador to pay See also:special See also:attention to Lady Castlemaine, who had become a See also:Roman See also:Catholic in 1663.
In See also:August 167o she was created countess of See also:Southampton and duchess of Cleveland, with See also:remainder to her first and third sons, Charles and See also:George Palmer, the king at this time not admitting the paternity of her second son See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry; and she also received many valuable gifts from Charles. An See also:annual income of £4700from 'the See also:post See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office was settled upon her, and also See also:ether sums chargeable upon the See also:revenue from the customs and the See also:excise, whilst she obtained a large amount of See also:money from seekers after office, and in other ways. Nevertheless her extravagance and her losses at gaming were so enormous that she was unable to keep up her See also:London See also:residence, Cleveland House, St See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James's, and was obliged to sell the contents of her residence at Cheam. About 167o her influence over Charles began to decline. She consoled herself meanwhile with lovers of a less exalted station in See also:life, among them See also:John See also:Churchill, afterwards duke of See also:Marlborough, and William See also:Wycherley; by 1674 she had been entirely supplanted at court by See also:Louise de Keroualle, duchess of See also:Portsmouth. Soon afterwards the duchess of Cleveland went to reside in See also:Paris, where she formed an intrigue with the English ambassador, See also:Ralph See also:Montagu, afterwards duke of Montagu (d. 1709), who lost his position through some revelations which she made to the king. She returned to See also:England just before Charles's See also:death in 1685. In See also:July 1705 her husband, the earl of Castlemaine, whom she had See also:left in 1662, died; and in the same See also:year the duchess was married to See also:Robert (Beau) Feilding (d. 1712), a See also:union which was declared void in 1707, as Feilding had a wife living. She died at See also:Chiswick on the 9th of See also:October 1709.
See also:Bishop See also:Burnet describes her as " a woman of See also:great beauty, but most enormously vicious and ravenous, foolish but imperious, ever uneasy to the king, and always carrying on intrigues with other men, while yet she pretended she was jealous of him." See also:Dryden addressed Lady Castlemaine in his See also:fourth poetical See also:Epistle in terms of great adulation, and Wycherley dedicated to her his first See also:play, Love in a See also:Wood. Her portrait was frequently painted by See also:Sir See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter See also:Lely and others, and many of these portraits are now found in various public and private collections. By Charles II. she had three sons and either one or two daughters.
She had also in 1686 a son by the actor Cardonnell See also:Goodman (d. 1699), and one or two other daughters.
Her eldest son, Charles See also:Fitzroy (1662-1730), was created in 1675 earl of See also:Chichester and duke of Southampton, and became duke of Cleveland and earl of Southampton on his See also:mother's death. Her second son, Henry (1663–169o), was created earl of Euston in 1672 and duke of See also:Grafton in 1675; by his wife See also:Isabella, daughter of Henry Bennet, earl of See also:Arlington, he was the See also:direct ancestor of the later See also:dukes of See also:Graf ton ; he was the most popular and the most able cf the sons of Charles II., saw a considerable amount of military service, and met his death through a See also:wound received at the storming of See also:Cork. Her third son, George (1665–1716), was created duke of See also:Northumberland in 1683, and died without issue, after having served in the See also:army. Her daughters were Anne (1661–1722), married in 1674 to See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Lennard, See also:Lord Dacre (d. 1715), who was created earl of See also:Sussex in 1684; See also:Charlotte (1664–1718), married in 1677 to Edward Henry See also:- LEE
- LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
- LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
- LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
- LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
- LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
- LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
- LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
- LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
- LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
- LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
- LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
- LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
- LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)
Lee, earl of See also:Lichfield (d. 1716); and Barbara (1672–1737), the reputed daughter of John Churchill, who entered a nunnery in See also:France, and became by James See also:Douglas, afterwards 4th duke of See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton (1658–1712), the mother of an illegitimate son, Charles Hamilton (1691–1754).
The first husband of the duchess, Roger Palmer, earl of Castlemaine (1634–1705), diplomatist and author, was an ardent Roman Catholic, who defended his co-religionists in several publications. Having served in the See also:war against See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland in 1665–67, he wrote in See also:French an See also:account of this struggle, which was translated into English and published by T. See also:Price in London in 1671. Having been denounced by See also:Titus See also:Oates as a Jesuit, he was tried and acquitted, afterwards serving James II. as ambassador to See also:Pope See also:Innocent XI., a See also:mission which led to a brief imprisonment after the king's See also:flight from England. Subsequently his Jacobite sympathies caused him to be suspected by the See also:government, and his time was mainly spent either in See also:prison or in See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile. The earl died at See also:Oswestry on the 21St of July 1705.
The See also:title of duke of Cleveland, which had descended in 1709 to Charles Fitzroy, together with that of duke of Southampton, became See also:extinct when Charles's son William, the and duke, died without issue in 1774. One of the first duke's daughters, See also:- GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
- GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )
Grace, was married in 1725 to Henry See also:Vane, 3rd See also:Baron See also:Barnard, after-wards earl of See also:Darlington (d. 1758), and their See also:grandson William Henry Vane (1766–1842) was created duke of Cleveland in 1833. The duke was succeeded in the title in turn by three of his sons, who all died without male issue; and consequently when Harry George, the 4th duke, died in 1891 the title again became extinct.
Previous to the creation of the dukedom of Cleveland there was an earldom of Cleveland which was created in 1626 in favour of Thomas, 4th Baron See also:Wentworth (1591–1667), and which became extinct on his death.
See the See also:article CHARLES II. and the bibliography thereto; G. S. Steinmann, Memoir of Barbara, duchess of Cleveland (London, 1871), and Addenda (London, 1874) ; and the articles ("Villiers, Barbara" and " Palmer, Roger ") in the See also:Dictionary of See also:National See also:Biography, vols. xliii. and lviii. (London, 1895-1899).
End of Article: CLEVELAND, BARBARA VILLIERS, DUCHESS OF (1641-1709)
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