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STUART, ARABELLA (1575-1615)

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 1046 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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STUART, ARABELLA (1575-1615) , daughter of See also:Charles Stuart, See also:earl of See also:Lennox, younger See also:brother of See also:Lord See also:Darnley and of See also:Elizabeth, daughter of See also:Sir See also:William See also:Cavendish and " Bess of Hardwick," is interesting historically as having been (by strict See also:pedigree) next in See also:succession to See also:James VI. of See also:Scotland to the thrones of See also:England and Scotland, after See also:Queen Elizabeth. Her See also:father's See also:mother was See also:Margaret See also:Douglas, the daughter of See also:Henry VIL's daughter, Queen Margaret of Scotland, and the earl of See also:Angus. She was See also:born in 1575 and See also:early became the centre of the intrigues of those who in Elizabeth's reign refused to accept James as her successor. Various suitors for her See also:hand were proposed, including Henry IV. of See also:France, the earl of See also:Northumberland, and E'sme Stuart, See also:duke of Lennox. In 1590 a See also:plot was formed by the moderate See also:section of the See also:Roman 'Catholics of marrying her to Ranuccio, eldest son of the duke of 'See also:Parma, who was descended from See also:John of Gaunt, and of raising her with See also:Spanish support to the See also:throne. She was in consequence regarded with suspicion and disfavour by Elizabeth and closely watched and guarded at Hardwick by the See also:dowager countess of See also:Shrewsbury. In 1602 the queen's suspicions, were increased by the See also:discovery of a plot to marry Arabella to See also:Edward, eldest son of Lord See also:Beauchamp, who as See also:grandson of Edward Seytnour, earl of See also:Hertford, and of See also:Lady See also:Catherine See also:Grey (younger See also:sister of Lady Jane Grey), was See also:heir to the throne after Elizabeth according to the will of Henry VIII. According to other accounts the intended See also:husband wa§ See also:Thomas See also:Seymour, a younger son of the earl of Hertford. Arabella entered with ardour into the project, and planned an See also:escape from Hardwick with the aid of her See also:chaplain Starkey, who after its failure committed See also:suicide. In See also:December she wrote secretly to Lord Hertford proposing her See also:marriage with his grandson, but the latter immediately informed the See also:council. In See also:February 1603 another See also:attempt at escape failed, and she was then transferred to the care of the earl of See also:Kent at Wrest See also:House. The anxiety' and anger aroused by her conduct was reputed to be the cause of Elizabeth's See also:death the same See also:year.

When James I. had gained secure See also:

possession of the throne, Arabella was received at See also:court and treated with favour, and she showed her fidelity to James by revealing a communication made to her by the conspiratorsin the See also:Main and Bye Plots, in which her name had been used without her See also:sanction. Every effort, however, was made to prevent her marriage. She is described at this See also:time by Scaramelli, Venetian secretary in See also:London, as " of See also:great beauty and remark-able qualities, being gifted with many accomplishments, among them being the knowledge of Latin, See also:French, Spanish, See also:Italian, besides her native See also:English "; as having " very exalted ideas, having been brought up in See also:firm belief that she would succeed to the See also:crown," as limited in means, of the Puritan persuasion, and very proud, insisting on a See also:precedence over the princesses, though ordered back by the See also:master of the ceremonies and in consequence being expelled from the court. A little later she is called " a See also:regular termagant " and in 1607 " not very beautiful."' In December 1609 she planned an escape with Sir See also:George Douglas to Scotland, apparently with a view of arranging a marriage with See also:Stephen Bogdan, pretender to See also:Moldavia, and on the See also:scheme being discovered she was arrested. She was, however, restored to favour, granted a See also:pension of £1600 a year by James, and given xo,000 crowns to pay her debts. But on the 2nd of February 1610 she became engaged to William Seymour, younger brother of Edward, and grandson of Lord Hertford, a suitor especially forbidden by James. A promise was exacted from them by the privy council that they would not marry without the See also:king's consent, but nevertheless they were secretly married on the 22nd of See also:June at See also:Greenwich. Immediately it was known the culprits were imprisoned, Arabella at See also:Lambeth and her husband in the See also:Tower. In 1611 she was placed in See also:charge of the See also:bishop of See also:Durham. Her application for a See also:writ of habeas corpus was refused, and on the 16th of See also:March she See also:left London, progressing however, on See also:account of illness and prostration, only as far as See also:Barnet. She escaped on the 3rd of June 161 1 disguised in See also:man's clothing, and succeeded in getting on See also:board a See also:ship See also:bound for See also:Calais. Meanwhile her husband had also effected his escape and was sailing towards the French See also:coast.

Their two See also:

ships were See also:drawing together when " a great See also:wind arose and prevented them from seeing each other ever more."2 Soon afterwards the unfortunate Arabella was captured and brought back to the Tower, where she spent the See also:rest of her unhappy career. James was See also:deaf , to all intercession in her favour, and is reported to have answered the queen when See also:pleading for her that " she had eaten of the forbidden See also:fruit." In See also:November 1613 a new plot for her escape failed. Abandoning at last all See also:hope she sank into See also:melancholy, See also:ill See also:health, and, according to some accounts, See also:insanity, and died a victim to See also:state policy on or about the 25th of See also:September 1615. She was buried in the See also:tomb of See also:Mary Queen of Scots in Henry VII.'s See also:chapel in See also:Westminster See also:Abbey.... There appears to be no support for the statement that a See also:child was born to her. Her husband, after awaiting her in vain at See also:Ostend, went on to See also:Paris. He returned to England in 1616 after his wife's death and was restored to favour. He married in 1618 Frances, daughter of See also:Robert Devereux, earl of ' See also:Essex, became earl of Hertford by the death of his grandfather in 1621, and See also:marquess in 164o. He took an active See also:part in the See also:civil See also:war in Charles I.'s reign, was See also:governor of the See also:prince of See also:Wales, and at the Restoration the dukedom of See also:Somerset was revived in his favour. He died in 166o, and, on the failure of his male descendants in the See also:person of his son John, 4th duke, the dukedom of Somserset passed to the descendants of his brother, See also:Francis, See also:Baron Seymour of See also:Trowbridge, and, on the extinction of the latter's male See also:line to the See also:elder See also:branch of the Seymour See also:family, descended from Sir Edward Seymour of See also:Berry See also:Pomeroy, See also:Devon. See also The See also:Life and Letters of Arabella Stuart, by E. T.

See also:

Bradley (18891, which supersedes the Life by E. See also:Cooper (1866).

End of Article: STUART, ARABELLA (1575-1615)

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