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DARNLEY, HENRY STEWART

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 837 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DARNLEY, See also:HENRY See also:STEWART or See also:STUART , See also:LORD (1545-1567), See also:earl of See also:Ross and See also:duke of See also:Albany, second See also:husband of See also:Mary, See also:queen of Scots, was the eldest son of See also:Matthew Stewart, earl of See also:Lennox (1516-1571), and through his See also:mother See also:Lady See also:Margaret See also:Douglas (1515-1578) was a See also:great-See also:grandson of the See also:English See also:king Henry VII. See also:Born at See also:Temple Newsam in See also:Yorkshire on the 7th of See also:December 1545, he was educated in See also:England, and his lack of intellectual ability was compensated for by exceptional skill in military exercises. After the See also:death of See also:Francis II. of See also:France in 156o Darnley was sent into that See also:country by his mother, who hoped that he would become king of England on See also:Elizabeth's death, and who already entertained the See also:idea of his See also:marriage with Mary, queen of Scots, the widow of Francis, as a means to this end. Consequently in 1561 both Lady Margaret and her son, who were English subjects, were imprisoned by Elizabeth ; but they were soon released,,and Darnley spent some See also:time at the English See also:court before proceeding to See also:Scotland in See also:February 1565. The marriage of Mary and Darnley was now a question of See also:practical politics, and the queen, having nursed her new suitor through an attack of See also:measles, soon made up her mind to wed him, saying he " was the properest and best proportioned See also:long See also:man that ever she had seen." The attitude of Elizabeth towards this marriage is difficult to understand. She had permitted Darnley to See also:journey to Scotland, and it has been asserted that she entangled Mary into this See also:union; but on the other See also:hand she and her See also:council declared their dislike of the proposed marriage, and ordered Darnley and his See also:father to repair to See also:London, a command which was disobeyed. In See also:March 1565 there were rumours that the marriage had already taken See also:place, but it was actually celebrated at Holyrood on the 29th of See also:July 1565. Although Mary had doubtless a See also:short infatuation for Darnley, the union was mainly due to See also:political motives, and in view of the characters of See also:bride and bridegroom it is not surprising that trouble soon arose between them. Contrary to his expectations Darnley did not receive the See also:crown matrimonial, and his foolish and haughty behaviour, his vicious habits, and his boisterous companions did not improve matters. He was on See also:bad terms with the See also:regent See also:Murray and other powerful nobles, who disliked the marriage and were intriguing with Elizabeth. Scotland was filled with rumours of See also:plot and assassination, and See also:civil See also:war was only narrowly avoided. Unable to take any serious See also:part in affairs of See also:state, Darnley soon became estranged from his wife.

He believed that Mary's relations with See also:

David See also:Rizzio injured him as a husband, and was easily persuaded to assent to the See also:murder of the See also:Italian, a See also:crime in which he took part. Immediately afterwards, however, flattered and cajoled by the queen, he betrayed his associates to her, and assisted her to See also:escape from Holyrood to See also:Dunbar. Owing to these revelations he was deserted and distrusted by his companions in the murder, and soon lost the queen's favour. In these circumstances he decided to leave Scotland, but a variety of causes prevented his departure; and meanwhile at Craigmillar a See also:band of nobles undertook to See also:free Mary from her husband, who refused to be See also:present at the See also:baptism of his son, See also:James, at See also:Stirling in December 1566. The details of the See also:conspiracy at Craigmillar are not clear, nor is it certain what part, if any, Mary took in these proceedings. The first intention may have been to obtain a See also:divorce for the queen, but it was soon decided that Darnley must be killed. Rumours of the plot came to his ears, and he fled from Stirling to See also:Glasgow, where he See also:fell See also:ill, possibly by poisoning, and where Mary came to visit him. Another reconciliation took place between husband and wife, and Darnley was persuaded to journey with Mary by easy stages to See also:Edinburgh. Apartments were prepared for the pair at See also:Kirk o' See also:Field, a See also:house just inside the See also:city walls, and here they remained for a few days. On the evening of the 9th of February 1567 Mary took an affectionate farewell of her husband, and went to attend some gaieties in Edinburgh. A few See also:hours later, on the See also:morning of the loth, Kirk o' Field was blown up with See also:gunpowder. Darnley's See also:body was found at some distance from the house, and it is supposed that he was strangled whilst making his escape.

The remains were afterwards buried in the See also:

chapel at Holyrood. Much discussion has taken place about this crime, and the See also:guilt or innocence of Mary is still a question of doubt and debate. It seems highly probable, however, that the queen was See also:accessory to the murder, which was organized by her See also:lover and third husband, See also:Bothwell (q.v.). As the father of King James I., Darnley is the See also:direct ancestor of all the sovereigns of England since 1603. Personally he was a very insignificant See also:character and his See also:sole See also:title to fame is his connexion with Mary, queen, of Scots. For further See also:information, and also for a See also:list of the See also:works bearing on his See also:life, see the See also:article MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS.

End of Article: DARNLEY, HENRY STEWART

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