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DARMSTADT , a See also:city of See also:Germany, See also:capital of the See also:grand-duchy of See also:Hesse-Darmstadt, on a See also:plain gently sloping from the See also:Odenwald to the See also:Rhine, 21 M. by See also:rail S.E. from See also:Mainz and 17 M. S. from See also:Frankfort-on-See also:Main. Pop. (1905) 83,000. It is the See also:residence of the grand-See also:duke and the seat of See also:government of the duchy. Darmstadt consists of an old and a new See also:town, the streets of the former being narrow and gloomy and presenting no attractive features. The new town, however, which includes the greater See also:part of the city, contains broad streets and several See also:fine squares. Among the latter is the stately Luisenplatz, on which are the See also:house of See also:parliament, the old See also:palace and the See also:post See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office, and in the centre of which is a See also:column surmounted by the statue of the grand-duke See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis I., the founder of the new town. The square is crossed by the Rhein-strasse, the most important thoroughfare in the city, leading directly from the railway station to the ducal palace. This last, a complex of buildings, dating from various centuries, but possessing few points of See also:special See also:interest, is surrounded by grounds occupying the site of the old See also:moat. Opposite to it, on the See also:north See also:side, and adjoining the See also:pretty palace gardens, are the See also:court See also:theatre and the armoury, and a little farther See also:west the handsome buildings of the new museum, erected in 1905 and containing the valuable scientific and See also:art collections of the See also:state, which were formerly housed in the palace: a library of 600,000 volumes and 4000 See also:MSS., a museum of See also:Egyptian and See also:German antiquities, a picture See also:gallery with masterpieces of old German and Dutch See also:schools, a natural See also:history collection and the state archives. To the right of the entrance to the palace gardens is the See also:tomb of the " See also:great landgravine," See also:Caroline Henrietta, wife of the See also:landgrave Louis IX., surmounted by a See also:marble See also:urn, the See also:gift of See also:Frederick the Great of See also:Prussia, bearing the inscription femina sexu, ingenio vir. To the See also:south of the See also:castle lies the old town, with the See also:market square, the town See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall (lately restored and enlarged) and the town See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church. Of the eight churches (seven Evangelical) only the See also:Roman See also:Catholic is in any way imposing. There are two synagogues. The town possesses a technical high school, having (since 1900) See also:power to confer the degree of See also:doctor of See also:engineering, and attended by about 2000 students, two gymnasia, a school of See also:agriculture, an artisans' school and a botanical See also:garden. The chemist, Justus von See also:Liebig, was bornin Darmstadt in. 1803. Among the See also:chief manufactures are the See also:production of machinery, carpets, playing See also:cards, chemicals, See also:tobacco, hats, See also:wine and See also:beer.
The surroundings of Darmstadt are attractive and contain many features of interest. To the See also:east of the town lies the Mathildenhohe, formerly a See also:park and now converted into See also:villa residences. Here are the Alice See also:hospital and the pretty See also:Russian church, built (1898-1899) by the See also:emperor See also:Nicholas II. of See also:Russia in memory of the empress Maria, wife of See also:Alexander II. In the vicinity is the Rosenhohe, with the See also:mausoleum of the ducal house, with the tomb of the grand-duchess Alice, daughter of See also:Queen See also:Victoria of See also:England.
Darmstadt is mentioned in the 11th See also:century, but in the 14th century it was still a See also:village, held by the See also:counts of Katzenelnbogen. It came by See also:marriage into the See also:possession of the house of Hesse in 1479, the male See also:line of the house of Katzenelnbogen having in that See also:year become See also:extinct. The imperial See also:army took it in the Schmalkaldic See also:War, and destroyed the old castle. In 1567, after the See also:death of See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip the Magnanimous, his youngest son See also:George received Darmstadt and See also:chose it as his residence. He was the founder of the line of Hesse-Darmstadt. Its most brilliant days were those of the reign of Louis X. (1790-1830), the first grand-duke, under whom the new town was built.
See See also:Walther, Darmstadt wie es war and wie es geworden (Darms. 1865) ; and Zernin and Worner, Darmstadt and See also:seine Umgebung (See also:Zurich, 189o).
End of Article: DARMSTADT
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