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See also:PUGIN, See also:AUGUSTUS WELBY NORTHMORE (1812-1852) , See also:English architect, son of Augustus See also:Charles Pugin (1762-1832), a Frenchman by See also:birth who settled in See also:London as an architectural draughtsman and had several pupils who See also:rose to fame, was See also:born in See also:Store See also:Street, See also:Bedford Square, on the 1st of See also:March '8'2. After an See also:education at See also:Christ's See also:Hospital he entered his See also:father's See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office, where he displayed a remarkable See also:- TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental
talent for See also:drawing. His father was for many years engaged in preparing a large See also:series of See also:works on the See also:Gothic buildings of See also:England, almost, if not quite, the first illustrated with accurate drawings of See also:medieval buildings; and the son's See also:early youth was mostly occupied in making See also:minute measured drawings for these books. In this way his See also:enthusiasm for Gothic See also:art was first aroused. All through his See also:life, both in England and during many visits to See also:Germany and See also:France, he continued to make See also:great See also:numbers of drawings and sketches, in See also:pen and See also:ink or with See also:sepia monochrome, perfect in their delicacy and precision of See also:touch, and masterpieces of skilful treatment of See also:light and shade. At first he acted as assistant in his father's See also:work, and his own See also:independent efforts to obtain business were not very successful. In 1827 he was employed to See also:design See also:furniture in a medieval See also:style for See also:Windsor See also:Castle; and in '831—the See also:year he married his first wife, See also:Ann See also:Garnett, who died in childbirth a year later-he designed scenery for the new See also:opera of See also:Kenilworth at Her See also:Majesty's See also:theatre. But he got into See also:money difficulties, and soon after his See also:marriage he was imprisoned for See also:debt. When he came out he again incurred serious losses over an See also:attempt to start a See also:shop for supplying architectural accessories of his own designing, which he had to give up. But after his second marriage in 1833 to Louisa See also:Burton (d. 1844), and his reception into the See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church shortly afterwards, he began to obtain more steady architectural practice and by degrees he acquired the reputation which has made his name stand foremost among those responsible for the English Gothic revival (see See also:ARCHITECTURE: See also:Modern: " The Gothic Revival "). No See also:roan had so thoroughly mastered the principles of the Gothic style in its various stages, both in its leading lines and in the minutest details of its See also:mouldings and carved enrichments. In 1837-1843 he assisted See also:Sir Charles See also:Barry by working out the details of the designs for the new Houses of See also:Parliament at See also:Westminster; and though his exact See also:share in the designs was subsequently the subject of See also:bitter controversy after both he and Barry were dead, there is no doubt that, while he was working as Barry's paid clerk, a great See also:deal in the excellence of the details was due to him and to his training of the masons and carvers. His See also:conversion to Roman Catholicism, while See also:part and See also:parcel of his
devotion to Gothic art, naturally brought him employment as an architect mainly from Roman Catholics; and many of his executed works suffered from the fact that his designs were not fully carried out, owing to a See also:desire to See also:save money or to spend it so as to make the greatest possible display. For this See also:reason his See also:genius is often more fairly displayed by his drawings than by the buildings themselves. In almost every See also:case his design was seriously injured, both by cutting down its carefully considered proportions and by introducing shams (above all things hateful to Pugin), such as See also:plaster groining and even See also:cast-See also:iron See also:carving. The See also:cathedral of St See also:George at See also:Southwark, and even the church in See also:Farm Street, See also:Berkeley Square, London, are See also:melancholy instances of this. Thus his life was a series of disappointments; no pecuniary success compensated him for the destruction of his best designs, as in him the See also:man of business was thoroughly subordinate to the artist. He himself used to say that the only church he had ever executed with unalloyed See also:satisfaction was the one at See also:Ramsgate, which he not only de-signed but paid for. Pugin was very broad in his love for the medieval styles, but on the whole preferred what is really the most suited to modern requirements, namely the Perpendicular of the 15th See also:century, and this he employed in its simpler domestic See also:form with much success both in his own See also:house at Ramsgate and in the stately Adare See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall in See also:Ireland built for See also:Lord Dunraven. The cathedral of See also:Killarney and the See also:chapel of the See also:Benedictine monastery of See also:Douai were perhaps the ecclesiastic buildings which were carried out with least deviation from Pugin's See also:original conception.
Apart from his work as an architect, his life presents little of detail to See also:record. In 1836 he published his Contrasts; or a Parallel between the Architecture of the rgth and zpth centuries, in which he seriously criticized the architecture of Protestantism. His other See also:principal publications were True Principles of See also:Christian Architecture (1841); Glossary of Ecclesiastical See also:Ornament (1844); and See also:Treatise on See also:Chancel Screens and See also:Rood Lofts (1851). He was a skilful etcher, and illustrated in this way a number of his works, which were written with much eloquence, great antiquarian knowledge and considerable See also:humour. This last See also:gift is exemplified in a series of etched plates in his Contrasts; on one See also:side is some See also:noble structure of the See also:middle ages, and on the other an example of the same See also:building as erected in the 19th century. In 1849 he married a third wife, daughter of See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Knill. Early in 1852 he was attacked by See also:insanity, and he died on the 14th of See also:September that year. His eldest son by his second wife, See also:Edward Welby Pugin (1834-1875), was also an accomplished architect, who carried on his father's work.
See B. Ferrez, Recollections of A. W. Pugin and his Father (London, 1861).
End of Article: PUGIN, AUGUSTUS WELBY NORTHMORE (1812-1852)
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