See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

The four ancient sacred resorts are Kapilavastu, Gaya, Benares and Kusinagara. In See also:

• SYRIA

The pilgrimage, however, attained its See also:

• ZENITH (from the Arabic)

Cicero had already compared the sites consecrated by the memory of some illustrious name with those hallowed by recollections of a loved one. But with the Christian, when his Redeemer was in question, both motives coincided: for there the greatest was also the dearest. In this devotion to the memory of Jesus, we find the See also:

• KEY
• KEY (in O. Eng. tang; the ultimate origin of the word is unknown; it appears only in Old Frisian kei of other Teutonic languages; until the end of the 17th century the pronunciation was kay, as in other words in O. Eng. ending in aeg; cf. daeg, day; clang
• KEY (the phraseograms being indicated by hyphens)
• KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER (1821-1888)
• KEY, THOMAS HEWITT (1799-1875)

13 and 37). Soon we begin to hear the names of the pilgrims. In the course of the 3rd century, as See also:

• JEROME, JEROME KLAPKA (1859– )
• JEROME, ST (HIERONYMUS, in full EUSEBIUS SOPHRONIUS HIERONYMUS) (c. 340–420)

of See also:

• GETHSEMANE (Hebr. for " oil-press ")

12 sqq.)—Mary, the See also:

• MOTHER

These churches were then endowed with new sanctuaries of miraculous See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

These utterances, however, must not be misinterpreted. They are not directed against the pilgrimage in itself, nor even against the belief that prayer possesses See also:

• SPECIAL

So, for example, Eudocia, the wife of See also:

• THEODOSIUS

In the first-named place she was shown the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Geyer, Itin. hierosol. saec. iv–viii.). While pilgrim-resorts were thus filling the East, their See also:

• COUNTER

Hist. eccl. ii. 25, 7; vi. 14, ro); still, it is certain that the Roman cemeteries were visited by numerous pilgrims even in the 3rd century: for the earliest graffiti in the papal See also:

• CRYPT (Lat. crypta, from the Gr. Kp&arrew, to hide)

175 sqq.). See also:

• PAULINUS (d. 644)
• PAULINUS, GAIUS SUETONIUS (1st century A.D.)

3). The See also:

• MOTIVE (from Lat. movere, to move)

IV. The Pilgrimage in the See also:

• MIDDLE

Pilgrimages were consequently undertaken with the intention of securing relics. At first it was enough to acquire some See also:

• OBJECT

It is quite in accordance with the keener consciousness of See also:

• SIN
• SIN (O. Eng. syn: a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zonde, Ger. Siinde)

For instance, the Vita Liudgeri recounts the history of a fratricide who was condemned to this form of pilgrimage by See also:

• JONAS, JUSTUS (1493–1555)

And, from an See also:

• ABSOLUTION (Lat. absolutio from absolvo, loosen, acquit)

The most important places of resort both for voluntary and involuntary pilgrimages, were still Palestine and Rome. On the See also:

• ANALOGY (Gr. avaXo-yLa, proportion)

In the 8th century one of the most famous is the Anglo-Saxon Willibald, who died in 781 as bishop of the Frankish See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

121, 569 sqq.). In the loth century See also:

• CONRAD (d. 955)
• CONRAD, JOSEPH (1856– )
• CONRAD, or KONRAD (M. H. Ger. Kuonrdl, i.e. " keen in counsel," Lat. Conradus, It. Corrado, cf. the A.S. Ccenred)

They set out in 1064, with a See also:

• COMPANY

1073). As a result of this steady increase in the number of pilgrims, the old arrangements for their See also:

• ACCOMMODATION (Lat. accommodare, to make fit, from ad, to, cum, with, and modus, measure)

Similar institutions existed also in See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Spec. eccl. p. 828). In the 13th century the annual number of those who visited Palestine amounted to many thousands: in the 14th and 15th it had hardly shrunk. In fact, between the years 1300 and 1600, no fewer than 1400 men of distinction can be enumerated from See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

The pilgrims made their journey in See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

The visitation of the holy places was conducted in processions headed by the See also:

• FRANCISCANS (otherwise called Friars Minor, or Minorites; also the Seraphic Order ; and in England Grey Friars, from the colour of the habit, which, however, is now brown rather than grey)

Duke William of See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Hanel, Archiv. f. Philologie, v. 119) belongs to the second See also:

• HALF

It is computed that, in the Year of Jubilee, on an See also:

• AVERAGE

144, viii.3). The first connexion of the apostle with See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

828). In Paris, after 1419, there existed a special hospice for the " fraternity of St James," in which from 6o to 8o pilgrims were received each day, fed, and presented with a See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

Cantuar. chr. ann. 1184; See also:

• RALPH (d. 1122)

See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

Thus Fridank, for instance, in spite of his emphatic See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

The 19th century, on the other hand, led to an extraordinary revival of the pilgrimage. Not only did new resorts spring into existence—e.g. La Salette in See also:

• DAUPHINE