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PRIMITIVE POTTERY
We can See also:group together that See also:great and widely-spread class of vessels made by the primitive races of mankind, whether before the See also:dawn of See also:civilization or at the See also:present See also:day, for it is interesting to See also:note that many See also:modern races still make pottery by the same See also:rude method as the See also:Neolithic races of See also:Europe and See also:Asia, and with striking similarityof result. In fact, the knowledgeof themethods and practices of the primitive potters of our own See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time furnishes the best possible See also:guide to the methods of fabrication and ornamentation of the See also:ancient specimens that are dug up from barrows, See also:grave mounds, and tumuli. It is only natural that the materials and methods of such pottery are always of the simplest. The See also:clay is used with very little preparation, and it is no unusual thing to find bits of See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone, See also:gravel, &c., embedded in the See also:paste of such wares, though at a later See also:stage of development they would have been removed. It must be remarked, however, that no See also:race of potters practised the See also:art for See also:long without discovering that their vessels were not so liable to crack in drying, or lose their shape in firing, if See also:fine See also:sand or pounded " potsherds " were mixed with the clay; and when we are dealing with the See also:work of races that have passed beyond the Stone See also:Age and have learned the use of metals we find this See also:custom universal.
There are three methods of shaping which seem to be See also:common to almost every primitive race:
r. The scooping out of a See also:vessel from a See also:ball of clay.
2. The See also:building up of a See also:form, often on a piece of See also:basket-work or See also:matting, gradually raising the walls higher by applying and smoothing down successive layers of clay.
3. Coiling; in which the clay is rolled out into thin See also:ropes, and
these are coiled See also:round and round upon each other and
smoothed down with the hands and with See also:simple tools of See also:bone,
See also:wood or See also:- METAL
- METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)
metal.The use of the See also:potter's See also:wheel is unknown, while it is remarkable how beautifully true and finely-fashioned much primitive pottery is. The primitive red a,nd See also:black vases discovered by See also:Flinders See also:Petrie in See also:Egypt, and the somewhat similar vessels of prehistoric date from See also:Spain, are remarkable instances of this. Some primitive races leave their pottery without decoration, especially when they have a fine red-burning clay to work in, but, generally speaking, primitive pottery of every race and time is elaborately decorated, but only with the simplest patterns. Such decorations consist of lines, dots or See also:lunette-shaped depressions arranged in crosses, chevrons, zigzags or all-over repeated See also:pattern. All this See also:ornament is scratched or impressed into the clay before it is fired. Simplest of all is, perhaps, the pattern which has so obviously been produced by pressing a See also:twisted thong round the See also:neck or bowl of a See also:- VASE
- VASE (through Fr. from Lat. vas, a vessel, pl. vasa, of which the singular vasum is rarely found; the ultimate root is probably was-, to cover, seen in Lat: vestis, clothing, Eng. " vest," Gr. to-th c, and also in " wear," of garments)
vase; though the thong may have been used in the first instance merely to serve as a support while the vessel was dried. At a later stage the ornament is generally obtained by scratching with a See also:tool, by pressing the end of a hollow stick into the clay to form rows of circles, by using a stick cut at the end into the shape of a See also:half-See also:- MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
- MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)
moon, or other equally simple decorative See also:device. In certain tropical countries this rudimentary pottery becomes hard enough for a certain amount of use when merely dried in the See also:sun, but in all See also:northern and temperate countries it must have been fired, probably in the most imperfect way, in an open See also:fire or in such a See also:kiln as could be formed by sinking a hole into the ground and erecting round it a See also:screen of stones. How imperfect the firing was is shown bythe ashen-See also:grey See also:colour due to See also:smoke. In those countries where the See also:ware has been more perfectly fired the pieces naturally become See also:buff, drab, See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
brown or red.
The primitive vessels that have been found in the grave-mounds of See also:England and the northern countries generally have received a number of fanciful names for which there is very little See also:warrant except in the See also:case of the cinerary urns. These are generally the largest vessels of this class, and as they were used to contain burnt bones there seems sufficient warrant for the sup-position that they were made for this and for no other purpose.
Our knowledge of primitive pottery has been greatly improved during See also:recent years by the labours of a number of See also:American students connected with the See also:United States See also:Geological Survey, who have carefully recorded the present-day practices of those native tribes who make and use pottery in various parts of See also:North See also:America and See also:Mexico; while, in the same way, Peruvian, Brazilian and other See also:South American pottery has been as closely investigated by See also:European observers. It should be noted that no primitive pottery reveals any trace of a knowledge of glaze, though much of it has been highly polished after firing, and in some cases a See also:varnish has been applied which may perhaps be regarded as the earliest See also:kind of " See also:glazing " ever applied to pottery vessels.
Kabyle Pottery," Journ. Anth. Inst. vol. xxxii. p. 245, and " Upper Egypt," ibid. See also:xxxv. p. 2o; Myres, " See also:Early Pottery Fabrics of Asia See also:Minor," Journ. Anth. Inst. xxxiii. p. 367; Turveren Museum, Notes analytiques sur See also:les collections ethnographiques du See also:Congo, tome ii. (1907) ; Cupart, Debuts de l'art de l'ancienne Egypte (1903). (W.
End of Article: PRIMITIVE
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