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See also:MEXICO, FEDERAL See also:DISTRICT OF , a territory set apart for the See also:independent and exclusive use of the Mexican Federal See also:Government, occupying the See also:south-eastern See also:part of the Valley of Mexico, and taken from and lying within the See also:State of Mexico, which forms its boundaries on all sides except the south where it touches the state of See also:Morelos. Pop. (1900), 540,478, largely See also:Indian and See also:half-breeds; See also:area, 463 sq. in., or accordingly to later computation 14981 sq. kilom. (5781 sq. m.). The district is very irregular in outline, its greatest length (N.W. to S.E.) being 3o m.,and its greatest breadth 25 M. It was formerly divided into one See also:urban See also:municipality and four rural prefectures, but under the See also:law of the 26th of See also:March 1903 it is divided into 13 municipalities, Mexico, Guadalupe-See also:Hidalgo, Atzcapotzalco, Tacuba, Tacubaya, Mixcoac, Cuajimalpa, See also:San See also:Angel, Coyoacan, Tlalpam,Xochimilco, Milpa Alta and Ixtapalapa; the first of these comprises the See also:national See also:capital and its immediate suburbs, and the other 12 the unequal divisions of the district with a considerable number of towns and villages. See also:Indians and half-breeds See also:form more than one-half of the rural See also:population engaged in See also:agriculture and gardening, beside which there is a large percentage employed in manufacturing See also:industries. The government of the district is exercised by the national executive in accordance with the organic law of 1903, though some measure of popular government is vested in municipal See also:councils (ayuntamientos) elected by popular See also:vote for terms of four years. These councils have lost much of their See also:original legislative See also:character, but they must be consulted in matters of See also:local importance, such as See also:water See also:supply, sanitary See also:works, and the exploitation or See also:sale of municipal See also:property, and in regard to all contracts affecting the municipality. They can See also:veto by a two-thirds vote the See also:execution of any See also:contract or administrative project, which then, at the end of four months, if again vetoed must be taken before the See also:President of the See also:Republic for See also:adjudication. The administrative See also:officers, who are appointed by the national executive, consist of a See also:governor of the federal district, the director -See also:general of public works, and the president of the See also:superior See also:board of See also:health. The three form a superior See also:council of district government which exercises a supervisory and advisory See also:power, " revising, confirming, reforming or revoking the acts of each one of the members of the council, whenever these acts are called in question." The council also exercises a general supervision of the making of contracts. The governor represents the national government, and has See also:special See also:charge of the See also:fire and See also:police departments, prisons, See also:imposition of penalties for violation of ordinances, public diversions and festivities, See also:civil registry, See also:street See also:traffic, inspection of weights and See also:measures, and the sale of intoxicating liquors. The director-general of public works has special charge of the water supply, streets and roads, parks, monuments, public See also:lighting, drainage, street cleaning, public buildings not under federal See also:control, cemeteries, slaughter-houses and markets, See also:building operations, and all municipal or communal property. The president of the superior board of health has charge of all sanitary works, general sanitary inspection, the sanitary See also:administration of markets, slaughter-houses and cemeteries, and the introduction of meats from other localities. The government of the district is copied, in part, from that of the District of See also:Columbia in the See also:United States, but its citizens are not disfranchised. They elect the ayuntamientos, which exercise no slight See also:influence in local affairs, and, like any state, elect senators and deputies to the National See also:Congress.
The See also:principal towns of the district, some of which are merely suburbs of the capital, are Guadalupe, Tacubaya, Tlalpam and Xochimilco. Within the municipal limits of Mexico See also:City are Chapultepec, See also:Santa Anita and the hot springs of El Pen6n, which are popular suburban resorts easily reached by the See also:ordinary urban See also:tramway service. Chapultepec (See also:Grasshopper See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill) is an isolated See also:rock nearly zoo ft. high surrounded by a beautiful See also:park and surmounted by a fortified structure called the " See also:Castle," containing the summer See also:residence of the president and the national military school. A finely graded road leads to the See also:summit. The park contains a See also:grove of old See also:cypress trees (Taxodium distichum, called ahuehuetes " by the natives), one of which is 45 ft. in circumference and nearly 200 ft. high. The hill is nearly 3 m. south-See also:west of the city and once commanded one of its principal See also:causeway approaches. It was assaulted and captured by the See also:American forces under General See also:Winfield See also:Scott on the 13th of See also:September 1847, after a stubborn resistance. A See also:monument to the cadets of the military school who died in this See also:battle stands in the park. The castle, which was built by the viceroys, was greatly embellished by the See also:emperor See also:Maximilian, who planned for it the drive known as the Paseo de la Reforma. Of the neighbouring towns Guadalupe or Guadalupe-Hidalgo (pop. 5834 in 1900), 21 in. See also:north by See also:east from Mexico City, near the See also:shore of See also:Lake Texcoco, is chiefly known for its See also:shrine to Our See also:Lady of Guadalupe, who is said to have appeared there to the Indian Juan Diego in 1531. The shrine stands on the
principal plaza and is visited by many thousands of pilgrims during the See also:year, whose pious contributions have so enriched the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church that its sacred vessels, See also:altar-rails, candelabra and other accessories are estimated to contain fifty tons of See also:silver. The treaty of See also:peace between Mexico and the United States was signed here on the 2nd of See also:February 1848. Tacubaya (pop. 18,342 in 1900), on the See also:lower slopes of the Montes de See also:las Cruces, about 5 m. west-south-west of the city, with which it is connected by See also:rail, is noted for its See also:fine old residences and beautiful gardens. The National Astronomical See also:Observatory occupies a fine See also:modern edifice. At Popotla is an aged See also:- TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
- TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )
tree under which, according to tradition, Cort6s sat and wept after his terrible See also:retreat from the Aztec capital on the noche triste. Farther south on the lowest slopes of the See also:mountain range are San Angel and Tlalpam, the latter (pop. 4732 in 190o) See also:standing partly on the See also:plain 12 M. south by west of the capital. In both much See also:attention is given to floriculture, and both are favourite See also:country residences of the richer citizens. Xochimilco (See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field of See also:flowers), (pop. Io,712 in 1900) on the west shore of the lake of that name and ro m. south by east of the city, is an Indian See also:town dating See also:long before the See also:discovery of See also:America. It lies in the midst of a fertile plain devoted to the See also:production of See also:fruit, vegetables and flowers for the city markets. Its gardens are carried out on the shallow lake by floating masses of water-See also:plants covered with See also:soil and secured by See also:poplar stakes, which, taking See also:root, soon surround them with living boundaries. These remarkable and productive gardens, called chinampas, have so increased in number and extent that the lake is practically covered by them, with the exception of the waterways, which are kept open by scooping up mud from the bottom. From the lake a broad See also:canal runs northward to the eastern suburbs of the city. It is known as the Viga, and is believed to have been opened by the See also:Aztecs for the transportation of See also:garden produce to their See also:island capital.
End of Article: MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
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