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See also:FLINDERS, See also:MATTHEW (1774-1814) , See also:English navigator, explorer, and See also:man of See also:science, was See also:born at Donington, near See also:Boston, in See also:Lincolnshire, on the 16th of See also:March 1774. Matthew was at first designed to follow his See also:father's profession of surgeon, but his See also:enthusiasm in favour of a See also:life of See also:adventure impelled him to enter the royal See also:navy, which he did on the 23rd of See also:October 1789. After a voyage to the Friendly Islands and See also:West Indies, and after serving in the " See also:Bellerophon " during See also:Lord See also:Howe's " glorious first of See also:June " (1794) Off See also:Ushant, Flinders went out in 1795 as See also:midshipman in the " Reliance" to New See also:South See also:Wales. For the next fewyears he devoted himself to the taskof accurately laying down the outline and See also:bearings of the Australian See also:coast, and he did his See also:work so thoroughly that he See also:left comparatively little for his successors to do. With his friend See also:George See also:Bass, the surgeon of the " Reliance," in the See also:year of his arrival he explored George's See also:river; and, after a voyage to See also:Norfolk See also:Island, again in March 1796 the two See also:friends in the same See also:boat, the " Tom Thumb," only 8 ft. See also:long, and with only a boy to help them, explored a stretch of coast to the south of See also:Port See also:Jackson. After a voyage to the Cape of See also:Good See also:Hope, when he was promoted to a lieutenancy, Flinders was engaged during See also:February 1798 in a survey of the See also:Furneaux Islands, lying to the See also:north of See also:Tasmania. His delight was See also:great when, in See also:September of the same year, he was commissioned along with Bass, who had already explored the See also:sea between Tasmania and the south coast to some extent and inferred that it was a strait, to proceed in the See also:sloop " Norfolk " (25 tons) to prove conclusively that See also:Van See also:Diemen's See also:Land was an island by circumnavigating it. In the same sloop, in the summer of next year, Flinders made an exploration to the north of Port Jackson, the See also:object being mainly to survey Glasshouse See also:Bay(Moreton Bay) and See also:Hervey's Bay. Returning to See also:England he was appointed to the command of an expedition for the thorough exploration of the coasts of Terra Australis, as the See also:southern See also:continent was still called, though Flinders is said to have been the first to suggest for it the name See also:Australia. On the 18th of See also:July ,8o1 the sloop " Investigator " (334 tons), in which the expedition sailed, left Spithead, Flinders being furnished with instructions and with a See also:passport from the See also:French See also:government to all their officials in the Eastern seas. Among the scientific See also:staff was See also:Robert See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
Brown, one of the most eminent English botanists; and among the midshipmen was Flinders's relative, See also:John See also:Franklin, of See also:Arctic' fame. Cape Leeuwin, on the south-west coast of Australia, was reached on See also:November 6, and See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King George's See also:sound on the 9th of See also:December. Flinders sailed See also:round the Great See also:Bight, examining the islands and indentations on the See also:east See also:side, noting the nature of the See also:country, the See also:people, products, &c., and paying See also:special See also:attention to the subject of the variation of the See also:compass. See also:Spenser and St See also:Vincent Gulfs were discovered and explored. On the 8th of See also:April 1802, shortly after leaving See also:Kangaroo Islands, at the mouth of St Vincent Gulf, Flinders See also:fell in with the French exploring See also:ship, " Le Geographe," under See also:Captain See also:Nicolas Baudin, in the bay now known as Encounter Bay. In the narrative of the French expedition published in 1807 (when Flinders was a prisoner in the See also:Mauritius) by, M. Peron, the naturalist to the expedition, much of the land west of, the point of See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting was claimed as having been discovered by Baudin, and French names were extensively substituted for the English ones given by Flinders. It was only in 1814, when Flinders published his own narrative, that the real See also:state of the See also:case was fully exposed. Flinders continued his examination of. the coast along Bass's Strait, carefully See also:surveying Port See also:Phillip. Port Jackson was reached on the 9th of May 18o2.
After staying at Port Jackson for about a couple of months, Flinders set out again on the 22nd of July to See also:complete his circumnavigation-of Australia. The Great Barrier See also:Reef was examined with the greatest care in several places. The north-east entrance of the Gulf of, See also:Carpentaria was reached See also:early in November; and the next three months were spent in an examination of the shores of the gulf, and of the islands that skirt them. An inspection of the " Investigator " showed that she was in so leaky a See also:condition that, only with the greatest precaution could the voyage be completed in her. Flinders completed the survey of the Gulf of Carpentaria, and after touching at the island of See also:Timor, the " Investigator " sailed round the west and south of Australia, and Port Jackson was reached on the 9th of June 1803. Much suffering was endured by nearly all the members of the expedition: a considerable proportion of the men succumbed .to. disease, and their See also:leader was so reduced by See also:scurvy that his See also:health was greatly impaired.
Flinders determined to proceed See also:home in H.M.S. " See also:Porpoise " as a passenger, submit the results of his work to the See also:Admiralty, and obtain, if possible, another: See also:vessel to complete his exploration of the Australian coast. The " Porpoise " left Port Jackson on the loth of See also:August, accompanied by the H.E.I.C.'s ship " See also:Bridge-See also:water" (750 tons) and the " See also:Cato" (450 tons) of See also:London. On the See also:night of the 17th the " Porpoise " and " Cato " suddenly struck on a See also:coral reef and were rapidly reduced to wrecks. The See also:officers and men encamped on a small sandbank near, 3 or 4 ft. above high-water,, a considerable quantity of provisions, with many of the papers and charts, having been saved from the wrecks. The reef was in about 22° 11' S. and 155° E., and about 800 m. from Port Jackson. Flinders returned to Port Jackson in a six-oared cutter in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to obtain a vessel to See also:- RESCUE (in Middle Eng. rescous, from O. Fr. recousse, Low Lat. rescussa, from reexcussa,reexcutere, to shake off again, re, again, ex, off, quatere, to shake)
rescue the party. The reef was again reached on the 8th of October, and all the officers and men having been satisfactorily disposed of, Flinders on the 11th left for See also:- JONES
- JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
- JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
- JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
- JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
- JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
- JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
- JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
- JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
- JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
- JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
- JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
- JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
- JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
- JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
- JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)
Jones Strait in an unsound See also:schooner of 29 tons, the " See also:Cumberland," with ten companions, and a valuable collection of papers, charts, See also:geological specimens, &c. On the 1gth of December he put in at Mauritius, when he discovered that See also:France and England were at See also:war. The passport he possessed from the French government was for the " Investigator "; still, though he was now on See also:board another ship, his See also:mission was
essentially the same, and the work he was on was simply a continuation of that commenced in the unfortunate vessel. Nevertheless, on . her arrival at Port See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis the " Cumberland " was seized by order of the See also:governor-See also:general de See also:Caen. Flinders's papers were taken See also:possession of, and he found himself virtually a prisoner. We need not dwell on the sad details of this unjustifiable captivity, which lasted to June 181o. But there can be no doubt that the hardships and inactivity Flinders was compelled to endure for upwards of six years told seriously on his health, and brought his life to a premature end. He reached England in October 1810, after an See also:absence of upwards of nine years. The See also:official red-tapeism of the See also:day barred all promotion to the unfortunate explorer, who set himself to prepare an See also:account of his explorations, though unfortunately an important See also:part of his See also:record had been retained by de Caen. ,The results of his labours were published in two large See also:quarto volumes, entitled A Voyage to Terra Australis, with a See also:folio See also:volume of maps. The very day (July 191 1814-) on which his work was. published Flinders died, • at the early See also:age of See also:forty. The great work is a See also:model of its See also:kind, containing as it does not only a narrative of his own and of previous voyages, but masterly statements of the scientific results, especially with regard to See also:magnetism, See also:meteorology, See also:hydrography. and See also:navigation. Flinders paid great attention to the errors of the compass, especially to those caused by the presence of See also:iron in See also:ships. He is understood to have been the first to discover the source of such errors (which had scarcely been noticed before), and after investigating the See also:laws of the See also:variations, he suggested See also:counter-attractions, an' invention for which See also:Professor See also:Barlow got much See also:credit many years afterwards. Numerous experiments on ships' magnetism were conducted at See also:Portsmouth by Flinders, by order of the admiralty, in 1812. Besides the Voyage, Flinders wrote Observations on the Coast of Van Diemen's Land, Bass's Strait, &c., and two papers in the Phil. Trans.—one on the "Magnetic See also:Needle " (1805), and the other, " Observations on the Marine See also:Barometer " (18o6). (J. S.
End of Article: FLINDERS, MATTHEW (1774-1814)
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