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JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 500 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JONES, See also:RICHARD (179o-1855) , See also:English economist, was See also:born at Tunbridge See also:Wells. The son of a See also:solicitor, he was intended for the legal profession, and was educated at See also:Caius See also:College, See also:Cambridge. Owing to See also:ill-See also:health, he abandoned the See also:idea of the See also:law and took orders soon after leaving Cambridge. For several years he held curacies in See also:Sussex and See also:Kent. In 1833 he was appointed See also:professor of See also:political See also:economy at See also:King's College, See also:London, resigning this See also:post in 1835 to succeed T. R. See also:Malthus in the See also:chair of political economy and See also:history at the See also:East See also:India College at Haileybury. He took an active See also:part in the See also:commutation of See also:tithes in 1836 and showed See also:great ability as a tithe See also:commissioner, an See also:office which he filled till 1851. He was for some See also:time, also, a charity commissioner. He died at Haileybury, shortly after he had resigned his professorship, on the 26th of See also:January 1855. In 1831 Jones published his See also:Essay on the Distri- bution of See also:Wealth and on the See also:Sources of See also:Taxation, his most important See also:work. In it he showed himself a thorough-going critic of the Ricardian See also:system.

Jones's method is inductive; his conclusions are founded on a wide observation of contemporary facts, aided by the study of history. The See also:

world he professed to study was not an imaginary world, inhabited by abstract "economic men," but the real world with the different forms which the ownership and cultivation of See also:land, and, in See also:general, the conditions of See also:production and See also:distribution, assume at different times and places. His recognition of such different systems of See also:life in communities occupying different stages in the progress of See also:civilization led to his proposal of what he called a " political economy of nations." This was a protest against the practice of taking the exceptional See also:state of facts which exists, and zs indeed only partially realized, in a small corner of our See also:planet as representing the See also:uniform type of human See also:societies, and ignoring the effects of the See also:early history and See also:special development of each communit as influencing its economic phenomena. Jones is remarkable for his freedom from exaggeration and one-sided statement ; thus, whilst holding Malthus in, perhaps, undue esteem, he declines to accept the proposition that an increase of the means of subsistence is necessarily followed by an increase of See also:population; and he maintains what is undoubtedly true, that with the growth of population, in all well-governed and prosperous states, the command over See also:food, instead of diminishing, increases. A collected edition of Jones's See also:works, with a See also:preface by W.See also:Whewell, was published in 1859.

End of Article: JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)

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