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PETERBOROUGH , a See also:city and municipal and See also:parliamentary See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough of See also:Northamptonshire, See also:England, 76 m. N. from See also:London by the See also:Great See also:Northern railway; served also by the London & See also:North Western, Great Eastern and Midland See also:railways. Pop. (1891), 25,171; (1901), 30,872. It is built chiefly along the See also:river Nene, on the north See also:side, and on the western border of the Fen See also:country.
The See also:cathedral of St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter is the third See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church that has occupied the site; the first, founded under See also:Penda, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of the Mercians, about 656, was entirely destroyed by the Danes in 87o, and the second, founded in King See also:Edgar's reign, was accidentally burnt in 1116. The See also:present See also:building, founded in the following See also:year, was, inclusive of the See also:west front, 120 years in building, being consecrated on the 4th of See also:October 1237. It embraces in all, however, eight periods of construction, and in no other building can the transition be better studied through the various grades of See also:Norman to See also:Early See also:English, while the later addition is an admirable example of Perpendicular.
The erection proceeded as usual from See also:east to west, and, while an increase in elegance and elaboration is observable in the later parts, the See also:character of the earlier buildings was so carefully kept in mind that no sense of incongruity is produced. A See also:series of See also:uniform Decorated windows were added throughout the church in the 14th See also:century, and their effect is rather to enhance than detract from the unity of See also:design. The See also:choir, early Norman, terminating in an See also:apse, was founded in 1117 or 1118 by See also:John de See also:Sais or Sez, and dedicated in 1140 or 1143; the aisles of both transepts and the whole of the See also:south See also:transept were built by See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin of See also:Bee, 1140–1155 ; the remaining portions of the transepts and the central See also:tower, of three stories, were completed by See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William de See also:Waterville, 1155–1175; the See also:nave, See also:late Norman, was completed by See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
Abbot See also:Benedict, 1177-1193, who added a beautiful painted roof of See also:wood; the western transepts, transitional Norman, were the See also:work of Abbot See also:Andrew, 1193–1200; the western front, actually a vast See also:portico of three See also:arches, the unique feature of the building, and one of the finest specimens of Early English extant, must have been built between 'zoo and 1250, during which See also:period there were several abbots; but there exists no See also:record of its reconstruction. The See also:lady See also:chapel, built parallel with the choir by William Parys, See also:prior, was consecrated in I290; the See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
bell-tower was erected by Abbot See also:Richard between 126o and 1274; the south-west See also:spire, the pinnacles of the flanking tower of the west portal, and the enlargement of the windows of the nave and aisles were the work of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry de Morcot in the beginning of the 14th century; the " new building " or eastern chapel in the Perpendicular See also:style, begun in 1438, was not completed till 1528. In 1541 the church was converted into a cathedral, the abbot being made the first See also:bishop. The extreme length of the building is 471 ft., and of the nave 211 ft., the breadth of the west front being 156; the height of the central tower, as reconstructed in the 14th century, was 15o, that of thespires and tower of the west front is 156 ft. In 1643 the building was defaced by the soldiers of See also:Cromwell, who destroyed nearly all the See also:brasses and monuments, burnt the See also:ancient records, levelled the See also:altar and See also:screen, defaced the windows, and demolished the cloisters. To obtain materials for See also:repairs the lady chapel was taken down. In the latter See also:part of the 18th century the church was repaved. In 1831 a See also:throne, stalls and choir-screen were erected and other restorations completed. On See also:account of the insecure See also:state of the central tower in 1883 it was taken down; and its reconstruction, exactly as it stood with the exception of the four corner turrets added early in the 19th century, was completed in 1886. The choir was reopened in 1889 after being closed, for thorough restoration, for six years.
In 1895 the restoration of the west front and other parts was begun in the See also:face of considerable adverse See also:criticism; but the work was carried on with the utmost care. During the carrying out of this work many interesting discoveries were made, the most important being the site of the cruciform Saxon church, enclosed within a See also:crypt under the south transept. See also:Catherine of See also:Aragon was interred in the cathedral in 1536, and See also:Mary See also:Queen of Scots in 1587, but the See also:body of the Scottish queen was removed to See also:Westminster See also:Abbey in 1612. Both interments were superintended by See also:Robert See also:Scarlett the See also:sexton, commonly known as " Old Scarlett," whose portrait, a copy of the See also:original, hangs in the west transept. He died in 1594 at the See also:age of 98. Of the monastic buildings there are some interesting remains. The cathedral is approached by a Norman gateway, above which is the chapel of St See also:Nicholas, built by Abbot Benedict, and now used as the See also:music school, and on the See also:left the chapel of St See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas a See also:Becket, built by Abbot See also:Ashton in the 15th century as it stands, but originally Norman. The gateway to the bishops See also:palace, formerly the abbot's See also:house, was built by Abbot See also:Godfrey de Croyland in 1319, and the deanery See also:gate by Abbot Kirton about 152o. One of the canonry houses is formed partly from a See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall of the 13th century.
Peterborough is included for See also:civil purposes in the See also:parish of St John the Baptist, but for ecclesiastical purposes it is divided into four, the additional parishes being St Mary's Boongate (1857), St See also:Mark's (1858) and St See also:Paul's (1869). The old parish church of St John originally stood to the east of the cathedral, but was rebuilt on its present site in the centre of the city (1401-1407) in Perpendicular style. The educational establishments include the Henry VIII. See also:grammar or See also:chapter school, which used the chapel of St Thomas a Becket until 1885; the St Peter's training See also:college for schoolmasters for the dioceses of Peterborough, See also:Ely and See also:Lincoln, erected from designs of See also:Sir See also:- GILBERT
- GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
- GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
- GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
- GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
- GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
- GILBERT, J
- GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
- GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
- GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
- GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
- GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
- GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )
Gilbert See also:Scott (1864); and See also:Deacon's and See also:Ireland's charity school, established in 1721 for the clothing and educating of twenty poor boys. The See also:principal public building is the See also:market house (1671), used as a See also:town-hall. The See also:modern prosperity and rapid growth of the town are chiefly due to the See also:trade caused by the junction of so many railway lines. Adjoining the town are extensive See also:works and sheds connected with the Great Northern and Midland railways. The principal manufacture is that of agricultural implements. The parliamentary borough returns one member (since 1885). The municipal borough, incorporated in 1874, is under a See also:mayor, 6 aldermen and 18 councillors. See also:Area, 18-8 acres. The See also:soke or See also:liberty of Peterborough, with a See also:population of 41,122, constitutes a See also:separate administrative See also:county (1888). The See also:diocese of Peterborough includes the whole of See also:Rutland, nearly all See also:Leicestershire and Northamptonshire, and small portions of See also:Derbyshire and See also:Huntingdonshire.
Peterborough (See also:Burgh, Burgus sancti Petri) is proved by its original name Medehamstede to have been a Saxon See also:village before 655 when Saxulf, a See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk, founded the monastery on See also:land granted to him for that purpose by Penda, king of See also:Mercia. Its name was altered to Burgh between 992 and zoos after Abbot Kenulf had made a See also:wall See also:round the See also:minister, but the town does not appear to have been a borough until the 12th century. The burgesses received their first See also:charter from " Abbot Robert," probably Robert of See also:Sutton (1262-1273). Until the 19th century the See also:dean and chapter, who succeeded the abbot as lords of the See also:manor, appointed a high See also:bailiff, and the constables and other borough See also:officers were elected at their See also:court leet. but the borough was incorporated in 1874 under the See also:government of a mayor, 6 aldermen and 18 councillors. Among the privileges claimed by the abbot as early as the 13th century was that of having a See also:prison for felons taken in the soke and borough. In 1576 Bishop Scamble sold the lordship of the See also:hundred of Nassaburgh, which is coextensive with the soke, to Queen See also:Elizabeth, whG
gave it to See also:Lord See also:Burghley, and from that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time until the 19th century he and his descendants, marquesses of See also:Exeter, had a separate See also:gaol in Peterborough for prisoners arrested in the soke. The trades of See also:weaving and woolcombing were carried on in Peterborough in the 14th century. The abbot formerly held four fairs, of which two, one called St Peter's See also:fair, granted in 1189 and now held on the second Tuesday and Wednesday in See also:July, and the other called the See also:Bridge fair, granted in 1439 and held on the first Tuesday, Wednesday and See also:Thursday in October, still survive and were See also:purchased by the See also:corporation from the ecclesiastical commissioners in 1876. Peterborough sent two members to See also:parliament for the first time in 1547.
End of Article: PETERBOROUGH
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