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ELY , a See also:cathedral See also:city and See also:market-See also:town, in the See also:Newmarket See also:parliamentary See also:division of See also:Cambridgeshire, See also:England, 16 m. N.N.E. of See also:Cambridge by the See also:Great Eastern railway. Pop. of See also:urban See also:district (1901) 7713. It stands on a considerable See also:eminence on the See also:west (See also:left) See also:bank of the See also:Ouse, in the Isle of Ely, which rises above the surrounding See also:fens. Thus its situation, before the great drainage operations of the 17th See also:century, was practically insular. The magnificent cathedral, towering above the town, is a landmark far over the wide surrounding level. The See also:soil in the vicinity is fertile and market-gardening is carried on, See also:fruit and vegetables (especially See also:asparagus) being sent to the See also:London markets. The town has a considerable manufacture of See also:tobacco pipes and earthenware, and there are in the See also:neighbour-See also:hood See also:mills for the preparation of oil from See also:flax, See also:hemp and coleseed. Besides the cathedral Ely has in St See also:Mary's See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, lying almost under the See also:shadow of the greater See also:building, a See also:fine structure ranging in See also:style from See also:Norman to Perpendicular, but in the See also:main See also:Early See also:English. The sessions See also:house and See also:corn See also:exchange are the
See also:principal public buildings. The See also:grammar school, founded by See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry VIII. in 1541, occupies (together with other buildings) the See also:room over the gateway of the monastery, known as the Porta, and the See also:chapel built by See also:Prior See also:John de Cranden (1321–1341) is restored to use as a school chapel. A theological See also:college was founded in 1876 and opened in 1881.
The See also:foundation of the See also:present cathedral was laid by its first Norman See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot, See also:Simeon, in 1083. But the reputation of Ely had been established See also:long before Etheldreda (iEthelthryth), daughter of See also:Anna, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:East Anglia, was married to See also:Ecgfrith, king of See also:Northumbria, against her will, as she had vowed herself wholly to a religious See also:life. Her See also:husband opposed himself to her See also:vow, but with the help of See also:Wilfrid, See also:archbishop of See also:York, she took the See also:veil, and found See also:refuge from her husband in the See also:marsh-girt Isle of Ely. Here she founded a religious house, in all See also:probability a mixed community, in 673, becoming its first See also:abbess, and giving the whole Isle of Ely to the foundation. In 870 the monastery was destroyed by the Danes, as were also the neighbouring See also:foundations at See also:Soham, Thorney, See also:Crowland and See also:Peterborough, and it remained in ruins till 970, when lEthelwold, See also:bishop of See also:Winchester, founded a new See also:Benedictine monastery here. King See also:Edgar in 970 endowed the monks with the former possessions of the See also:convent and also granted them the See also:secular causes of two hundreds within and of five hundreds without the marshes, all charges belonging to the king in secular disputes in all their lands and every See also:fourth See also:penny of public See also:revenue in the See also:province of Grantecestre. The See also:wealth and importance of Ely See also:rose, and its abbots held the See also:post of chancellors of the king's See also:court alternately with the abbots of See also:Glastonbury and of St See also:Augustine's, Canter-See also:bury. But Ely again became a See also:scene of contest in the desperate final struggle against See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William the Conqueror of which See also:Hereward " the See also:Wake " was the See also:hero. Finally, in 1071, the monks agreed to surrender the Isle of Ely to the king on See also:condition of the See also:confirmation of all the possessions and privileges, held by them in the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:Edward the See also:Confessor. Abbot Simeon (io81–1094), who now began the reconstruction of the church, was related to William and See also:brother to Walkelin, first Norman bishop of Winchester. Under Abbot See also:Richard (Iroo–11o7) the See also:translation from the Saxon church of the bodies of St Etheldreda and of the two abbesses who had followed her, and their enshrinement in the new edifice, took See also:place; and it was due to the See also:honour in which the memory of the foundresses was held that Ely maintained the position of dignity which it kept henceforth until the See also:dissolution of the monasteries. The feast of St Etheldreda, or St Awdrey as she was generally called, was the occasion every See also:year for a large See also:fair here, at which " trifling See also:objects " were sold to pilgrims by way of souvenirs; whence the word " tawdrey," a contraction of St Awdrey. In 1109 the Isle of Ely, most of Cambridgeshire, and the abbeys of Thorney and Cetricht were separated from the See also:diocese of See also:Lincoln, and converted into a new diocese, Ely being the seat of the bishopric, and after the dissolution of the monasteries Henry VIII. converted the conventual church into a cathedral (1541). The diocese is extensive. It covers nearly the whole of Cambridge-See also:shire, See also:Huntingdonshire and See also:Bedfordshire, See also:part of See also:Suffolk, and small portions of See also:Essex, See also:Norfolk, See also:Northamptonshire, See also:Hertford-shire and See also:Buckinghamshire.
The cathedral is a cruciform structure, J37 ft. long and 190 ft. across the great transepts (exterior measurements). A relic of the Saxon foundation is preserved in the See also:cross of St Osyth (c. 67o), and a pre-Norman window is kept in the See also:triforium, having been dug up near the cathedral. Of the See also:work of the first two Norman abbots all that remains is the early Norman See also:lower See also:storey of the main See also:transept. The foundations of Abbot Simeon's See also:apse were discovered below the present See also:choir. The See also:nave, which is Norman throughout, is 208 ft. in length, 72 ft. 9 in. to the See also:top of the walls, and 77 ft. 3 in. broad, including the aisles. The upper parts of the western See also:tower and the transept were begun by Bishop See also:Geoffrey Ridel (d. 1189), and continued by his successor William See also:Longchamp, See also:chancellor of England. The tower, which is 215 ft. high, is surmounted by a Decorated octagon with partly detached See also:side turrets, and underwent alteration andstrengthening in the Perpendicular See also:period. The See also:north-western transept wing is in ruins; it is not known when it See also:fell. The See also:Galilee, or western See also:porch, by which the cathedral is entered, is the work of Bishop Eustace (d. 1215), and is a perfect example of Early English style. In 1322 the Norman central tower, erected by Abbot Simeon, fell. Alan of See also:Walsingham, sacrist of the church, designed its restoration in the See also:form of the present octagon, a beautiful and unique conception. Instead of the See also:ordinary four-arched central See also:crossing, an octagon is formed at the crossing, the See also:arches of the nave aisles and choir aisles being set obliquely. Both without and within, the octagon is the principal feature in the unusual See also:general See also:appearance of the cathedral, which gives it a See also:peculiar eminence among English churches. The octagon was completed in 1328, and upon the ribbed vaulting of See also:wood above it rose the lofty See also:lantern, octagonal also, with its angles set opposite those of the octagon below. The See also:total height of the structure is 170 ft. 7 in.
Alan of Walsingham was further employed by Bishop John of See also:Hotham (d. 1337) as architect of the See also:Lady chapel, a beautiful example of Decorated work, which served from 1566 onward as a See also:parish church. Of the seven bays of the choir the four easternmost, as well as the two beyond forming the retrochoir, were built by Bishop See also:Hugh of Northwold (d. 1254). The three western bays were destroyed by the fall of the tower in 1.321, and were rebuilt by Alan of Walsingham. The earlier portion is a superb example of Early English work, while the later is perhaps the best example of pure Decorated in England. The wooden canopies of the choir stalls are Decorated (1337) and very elaborate. The Perpendicular style is represented by windows and certain See also:ether details, including supporting arches to the western tower. There are also some splendid See also:chantry chapels and tombs in this style—the chapels of Bishop John See also:Alcock (d. 1500) and Bishop See also:Nicolas West (d. 1534), in the north and See also:south choir aisles respectively, are completely covered with the most delicate ornamentation; while the See also:tomb of Bishop Richard Redman (d. 1505) has a remarkably beautiful See also:canopy. Among earlier monuments the canopied tomb of Bishop William de Luda (1290–1298) and the finely-carved effigy of Bishop Northwold (1254) are notable. Between 1845 and 1884 the cathedral underwent restoration under the direction of See also:Sir See also:- GILBERT
- GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
- GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
- GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
- GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
- GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
- GILBERT, J
- GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
- GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
- GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
- GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
- GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
- GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )
Gilbert See also:Scott. The work included the erection of the See also:modern See also:reredos and choir-See also:screen, both designed by Scott, and the See also:painting of the nave roof by Styleman le See also:Strange (d. 1862), who was succeeded by See also:Gambier See also:Parry. Parry also richly ornamented the octagon and lantern in the style of the 14th century.
Remains of the monastic buildings . are fragmentary but numerous. Mention has been made of the Ely " Porta " or gateway (1396), which is occupied by the grammar school, and of Prior John de Cranden's beautiful little Decorated chapel. But many of the remains, the bulk of which are incorporated in the deanery and canons' and other residences to the south of the cathedral, are of much earlier date. Thus the fine early Norman undercroft of the prior's See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall is probably of the time of Abbot Simeon. Another notable fragment is the transitional Norman See also:chancel of the infirmary chapel. The remnants of the cloisters show a reconstruction in the 15th century, but the prior's and monks' doorways from the cloisters into the cathedral are highly decorated See also:late Norman. The bishop's See also:palace to the west of the cathedral has towers erected by Bishop Alcock at the See also:close of the 15th century. In the See also:muniment room of the See also:chapter is preserved, among many See also:ancient documents of great See also:interest, the See also:liber Eliensis, a See also:history of the monastery by the See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk known as See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas of Ely (d. c. 1174), of which the first part, which extends to the year 96o, contains a life of St Etheldreda, while the second is continued to the year 1107.
Ely, which according to See also:Bede (Hist. eccl. iv. i9) derives its name from the quantity of eels in the See also:waters about it (A.S. cel, See also:eel,-ig, See also:island), was a See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough by See also:prescription at least as early as the reign of William the Conqueror. It owed its importance entirely to the monastery, and for a long time the abbot and afterwards the bishop had almost See also:absolute See also:power in the town. The See also:bailiff who governed the town was chosen by the bishop until 185o, when a See also:local See also:board was appointed. Richard I.
granted the bishop of Ely a fair there, and in 1319—1320 John of Hotham, a later bishop, received See also:licence to hold a fair on the See also:vigil and See also:day of See also:Ascension and for twenty days following. The markets are claimed by an undated See also:charter by the bishop, who also continues to hold the fairs. In 1295 Ely sent two members to See also:parliament, but has never been represented since.
See C. W. See also:Stubbs, Ely Cathedral (London, 1897) ; See also:Victoria See also:County History, Cambridgeshire.
End of Article: ELY
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