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TRIFORIUM , an architectural See also:term, the origin of which is unknown but probably derived from " thoroughfarum," as it was used as a passage from one end of the See also:building to the other. The derivation from See also:Lat. tres, tri, three, and foris„See also:door, entrance, does not seem appropriate. The earliest examples are those in the See also:pagan basilicas, where it constituted an upper See also:galley for conversation and business; in the See also:early See also:Christian basilicas it was usually reserved for See also:women, and the same applied to those in the See also:Greek See also:Byzantine See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church. In Romanesque and See also:Gothic buildings it is either a spacious See also:gallery over the See also:side aisles or is reduced to a See also:simple passage in the thickness of the walls; in either See also:case it forms an important architectural See also:division in the
See also:nave of the See also:cathedral or church, and being of less height gives more importance to the ground See also:storey or nave See also:arcade. In consequence of its less height it was usually divided into two See also:arches, which were again subdivided into two smaller arches and these subdivisions increased the See also:scale. On See also:account of the richness of its See also:mouldings and carved See also:ornament in the See also:sculpture introduced in the spandrils, it became the most highly decorated feature of the interior, the triforium at See also:Lincoln being one of the most beautiful compositions of Gothic See also:architecture. Even when reduced to a simple passage it was always a highly enriched feature. In the 15th-See also:century churches in See also:England, when the roof over the aisles was comparatively See also:flat, more height being required for the See also:clerestory windows, the triforium was dispensed with altogether. In the See also:great cathedrals and abbeys the triforium was often occupied by persons who came to See also:witness various ceremonies, and in early days was probably utilized by the monks and See also:clergy for See also:work connected with the church.
From the constructive point of view, the triforium sometimes served very important functions, as under its roof exist arches and vaults carried from the nave to the See also:outer See also:wall, to which they transmitted the thrust of the nave vault; even when the flying See also:buttress was frankly adopted by the Gothic architect and emphasized by its architectural See also:design as an important feature, other See also:cross arches were introduced under the roof to strengthen it.
End of Article: TRIFORIUM
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