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See also:MARSH, See also:OTHNIEL See also:CHARLES (1831-1899) , See also:American palaeontologist, was See also:born in See also:Lockport, New See also:York, on the 29th of See also:October 1831. He graduated at Yale See also:College in 186o, and studied See also:geology and See also:mineralogy in the See also:Sheffield scientific school, New Haven, and afterwards palaeontology and See also:anatomy in See also:Berlin, See also:Heidelberg and See also:Breslau. Returning to See also:America in 1866 he was appointed See also:professor of vertebrate palaeontology at Yale College, and there began the researches of the fossil See also:vertebrata of the western states, whereby he established his reputation. He was aided by a private See also:fortune from his See also:uncle, See also:George See also:Peabody, whom he induced to establish the Peabody Museum of Natural See also:History (especially devoted to See also:zoology, geology and mineralogy) in the college. In May 1871 he discovered the first pterodactyl remains found in America, and in subsequent years he brought to See also:light from See also:Wyoming and other regions many new genera and families, and some entirely new orders of See also:extinct vertebrata, which he described in monographs or periodical articles. These included remains of the Cretaceous toothed birds Hesperornis and Ichthyornis, the Cretaceous flying-See also:reptiles (Pteranodon), the See also:swimming reptiles or Mosasauria, and the Cretaceous and See also:Jurassic See also:land reptiles (Dinosauria) among which were the Brontosaurus and Atlantosaurus. The remarkable mammals which he termed Brontotheria (now grouped as See also:Titanotheriidae), and the huge Dinocerata, one being the Uintatherium, were also brought to light by him. Among his later discoveries were remains of See also:early ancestors of horses in America. On becoming See also:vice-See also:president of the American Association for the See also:Advancement of See also:Science in 1875 he gave an address on the " Introduction and See also:Succession of Vertebrate See also:Life in America," summarizing his conclusions to that date. He repeatedly organized and often accompanied scientific exploring expeditions in the Rocky Mountains, and their results tended in an important degree to support the doctrines of natural selection and See also:evolution. He
published many papers on these, and found See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time—besides that necessarily given to the See also:accumulation and care of the most extensive collection of fossils in the See also:world—to write See also:Odontornithes: A Monograph on the Extinct Toothed Birds of See also:North America (188o) ; Dinocerata: A Monograph on an Extinct See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
Order of Gigantic Mammals (1884) ; and The Dinosaurs of North America (1896). His See also:work is full of accurately recorded facts of permanent value. He was See also:long in See also:charge of the See also:division of vertebrate palaeontology in the See also:United States See also:Geological Survey, and received many scientific honours, medals and degrees, American and See also:foreign. He died in New Haven on the 18th of See also:March 1899.
Mag. (1899), p. 237.
End of Article: MARSH, OTHNIEL CHARLES (1831-1899)
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