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SIMEON, JOSEPH JEROME, COMTE (1749–1842)

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 123 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SIMEON, See also:JOSEPH See also:JEROME, See also:COMTE (1749–1842) , See also:French jurist and politician, was See also:born at See also:Aix on the 3oth of See also:September 1749. His See also:father, Joseph Sextius Simeon (1717-1788), had been See also:professor of See also:law and royal secretary for the See also:parlement of See also:Provence. J. J. Simeon followed his father's profession, but he was outlawed for his See also:share in the federalist See also:movement in 1793, and only returned to See also:France after the revolution of See also:Thermidor. In the See also:council of the Five See also:Hundred, of which he was now a member, he took the conservative See also:side. In 1799, for protesting against the invasion of the chamber by P. F. C. See also:Augereau, he was imprisoned until the 18th See also:Brumaire (9th See also:November). In the Tribunate he had an important share in the preparation of the See also:Civil See also:Code, being rewarded by a seat in the council of See also:state. In 1807 he was one of the commissioners sent to organize the new See also:kingdom of See also:Westphalia, and was premier of See also:King Jerome.

He served the Restoration as councillor of state and in the chamber of peers. In 1820 he was under-secretary of state for See also:

justice, and in the next See also:year See also:minister of the interior until the fall of the See also:Richelieu See also:ministry. A See also:baron of the See also:Empire become the permanent headquarters of many of the See also:official establishments. During the See also:season See also:Simla is the See also:focus of See also:Indian society; and viceregal and other balls, and entertainments of every description, are frequent. Simla is the headquarters of a volunteer See also:rifle See also:corps, and there are numerous See also:libraries and institutes, of which the See also:chief is the See also:United Service Institution, with a See also:subsidy from See also:government. The two chief medical institutions are the See also:Ripon and See also:Walker hospitals. There are a See also:theatre, See also:concert See also:room and numerous churches. Educational institutions include See also:Bishop See also:Cotton's school for boys, the See also:Mayo See also:industrial school for girls, several aided See also:schools for See also:European boys and girls, and two Anglo-See also:vernacular schools for natives. The See also:Lawrence military asylums are at Sanawar, near Kasauli. The See also:DISTRICT OF SIMLA has an See also:area of See also:lot sq. m., and had a See also:population in 1901 of 40,351. The mountains of Simla and the surrounding native states compose the S. outliers of the See also:great central See also:chain of the E. See also:Himalaya.

They descend in a See also:

gradual See also:series from the See also:main chain to the See also:general level of the See also:Punjab See also:plain, forming a transverse S.W. See also:spur between the great basins of the See also:Ganges and the See also:Indus. S. and E. of Simla the hills between the See also:Sutlej and the Tons centre in the great See also:peak of Chor, 11,982 ft. above See also:sea-level. Throughout all the hills forests of deodar abound, while rhododendrons clothe the slopes up to the limit of perpetual See also:snow. The See also:principal See also:rivers are the Sutlej, Pabar, Giri, Gambhar and Sarsa. The acquisition of the patches of territory forming the district See also:dates from various times subsequent to the See also:close of the See also:Gurkha See also:War in 1816, which See also:left the See also:British in See also:possession of the whole See also:tract of See also:hill-See also:country from the See also:Gogra to the Sutlej. See also:Kumaon and See also:Dehra Dun were annexed to the British dominions; but the See also:rest, with the exception of a few localities retained as military posts and a portion sold to the See also:raja of See also:Patiala, was restored to the hill rajas, from whom it had been wrested by the Gurkhas. See also:Garhwal state became attached to the See also:North-Western Provinces; but the remaining principalities See also:rank among the dependencies of the Punjab, and are known collectively as the Simla Hill States, under the superintendence of the See also:deputy-See also:commissioner of Simla, subordinate to the commissioner at See also:Umballa. The chief of the Simla Hill States—which number 28 in all—are Jubbal, See also:Bashahr, See also:Keonthal, See also:Baghal, See also:Bilaspur and See also:Hindur.

End of Article: SIMEON, JOSEPH JEROME, COMTE (1749–1842)

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