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AUGEREAU, PIERRE FRANCOIS CHARLES

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 901 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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AUGEREAU, See also:PIERRE See also:FRANCOIS See also:CHARLES , See also:duke of See also:Castiglione (1757-1816):, See also:marshal of See also:France, was See also:born in See also:Paris in a humble station of See also:life. At the See also:age of seventeen he enlisted in the carabineers and thereafter came into See also:note as a duellist. Having See also:drawn his See also:sword upon an officer who insulted him, he fled from France and roamed about in the See also:Levant. He served in the See also:Russian See also:army against the See also:Turks; but afterwards escaped into See also:Prussia and enlisted in the See also:guards. Tiring of this, he deserted with several others and reached the Saxon frontier. Service in the Neapolitan army and a sojourn in See also:Portugal filled up the years 1788-1791; but the events of the See also:French Revolution brought him back to his native See also:land. He served with See also:credit against the . Vendeans and then joined the troops opposing the Spaniards in the See also:south. There he See also:rose rapidly, becoming See also:general of See also:division on the 23rd of See also:December 1793. His division distinguished itself even more when transferred to the army of See also:Italy; and under See also:Bonaparte he was largely instrumental in gaining the See also:battle of Millesimo and in taking the See also:castle of Cosseria and the See also:camp of See also:Ceva. At the battle of See also:Lodi (May ro, 1796), the turning See also:movement of Augereau and his division helped to decide the See also:day. But it was at Castiglione that he rendered the most See also:signal services.

See also:

Marbot describes him as encouraging even Bonaparte himself in the confused situation that prevailed before that battle, and, though this is exaggerated, there is no doubt that Augereau largely decided the fortunes of those See also:critical days. Bonaparte thus summed up his military qualities: " Has plenty of See also:character, courage, firmness, activity; is inured to See also:war; is well liked by the soldiery; is fortunate in his operations." In 1497 Bonaparte sent him to Paris to encourage the Jacobinical See also:Directors, and it was Augereau and the troops led by him that coerced the " moderates " in the See also:councils and carried through the coup d'etat of 18 Fructidor (4th of See also:September) 1797. He was then sent to See also:lead the See also:united French forces in See also:Germany; but See also:peace speedily ensued; and he See also:bore a grudge against the Directors and Bonaparte for their treatment of him at that See also:time. He took no See also:part in the coup d'etat of See also:Brumaire 1799, and did not distinguish himself in the Rhenish See also:campaign which ensued. Nevertheless, owing to his final See also:adhesion to Bonaparte's fortunes, he received a marshal's See also:baton at the beginning of the See also:Empire (May 19, 1804). In the campaign of 18o5 he did See also:good service around See also:Constance and See also:Bregenz, and at See also:Jena (See also:October 14, ,8o6) his See also:corps distinguished itself. See also:Early in 1807 he See also:fell See also:ill of a See also:fever, and at the battle of See also:Eylau he had to be supported on his See also:horse, but directed the movements of his corps with his wonted bravery. His corps was almost annihilated and the marshal himself received a See also:wound from which he never quite recovered. When transferred to See also:Catalonia, he gained some successes but tarnished his name by See also:cruelty. In the campaign of 1812 in See also:Russia and in the Saxon campaign of 1813 his conduct was little more than mediocre. Before the battle of See also:Leipzig (October 16, 18, 19, 1813), See also:Napoleon reproached him with not being the Augereau of Castiglione; to which he replied, " Give me back the old soldiers of Italy, and I will show you that I am." In 1814 he had command of the army of See also:Lyons, and his slackness exposed him to the See also:charge of having come to an understanding with the See also:Austrian invaders. Thereafter he served See also:Louis XVIII., but, after reviling Napoleon, went over to him during the See also:Hundred Days.

The See also:

emperor repulsed him and charged him with being a traitor to France in 1814. Louis XVIII., when restored to the See also:throne, deprived him of his military See also:title and See also:pension. He died at his See also:estate of La See also:Houssaye on the 12th of See also:June 1816. In See also:person he was tall and commanding, but his loud and vulgar behaviour frequently betrayed the soldier of See also:fortune. As authorities consult: See also:Kock's Memoires de See also:Massena; See also:Bouvier, Bonaparte en Italie; See also:Count A. F. Andreossi, La Campagne sur le Mein, 1800-18or; See also:Baron A. See also:Ducasse, Precis de la campagne de l'armee de See also:Lyon en 1814; and the See also:Memoirs of Marbot. (J. H1..

End of Article: AUGEREAU, PIERRE FRANCOIS CHARLES

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