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UMBALLA
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UMBALLA , or AM$See also:ALA, a See also:city and See also:district of See also:British See also:India, in the See also:Delhi See also:division of the See also:Punjab. The city is 3 M. E. of the See also:river Ghaggar, 902 ft. above the See also:sea. Pop. (1901), 78,638. It has a station on the See also:North-Western railway (1077 M. N.W. of See also:Calcutta), with a See also:branch See also:line to Kalka at the See also:foot of the hills (39 m.), which was continued up to See also:Simla in 1903. Umballa owes its importance to a large military See also:cantonment which was first established in 1843, and is the headquarters of a See also:cavalry See also:brigade belonging to the See also:Northern See also:army. The cantonment, which lies 4 M. See also:south-See also:east of the native See also:town, is well laid out with broad roads shaded by trees. It contains a See also: These rivers do not materially affect the district, which has a drainage See also:system consisting of the numerous torrents which pour down from the hills. In. the south these torrents run in broad sandy beds scarcely below the See also:surface of the See also:country, and vary from 200 yds. to 1 m. in width, until, at a distance of 20 or 30 M. from the hills, they become comparatively docile streams, with well-defined See also:clay See also:banks. Towards the north the torrents run in deep beds from the point where they debouch from the hills; they also differ from the streams of the south in being See also:free from See also:sand. The See also:principal of these northern streams is the Ghaggar, intc which the See also:minor streams empty themselves, some within and some beyond the limits of the district. Whatever surplus See also:water of this river is not swallowed up by See also:irrigation passes on through See also:Patiala See also:state and See also:Sirsa, and is finally lost in the sands of See also:Rajputana. The Ghaggar is the only perennial stream within the district, but dwindles to a tiny rivulet in the dry See also:season, and disappears altogether beyond the border of the district. In 1901 the See also:population was 8i5,88o, showing a decrease of 5.6 % in the See also:decade. The principal crops are See also:wheat, See also:maize, See also:pulse, millets, See also:rice, See also:cotton and some See also:sugar-See also:cane. There are factories for ginning and pressing cotton, and also for grinding wheat. Two opposite corners of the district are watered by the See also:Sirhind and the Eastern Jumna canals. A portion is crossed by the See also:main line of the North-Western railway and by the Delhi-Umballa-Kalka railway, which have their junction at Umballa city. Umballa is one of the territories previously held by numerous See also:Sikh sirdars, which were attacked by Ranjit Singh during one of his marauding expeditions. This caused the See also:movement of British troops in 1809 which resulted
in the treaty with Ranjit Singh, by which he was required to withdraw his army from the See also:left See also:bank of the Sutlej and to relinquish his See also:recent conquests in Sirhind. In See also:June 1849, after the second Sikh See also:War had brought the Punjab under British See also:rule, the chiefs were deprived of all See also:sovereign See also:power and the district took practically its See also:modern See also:form. In See also: Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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