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ARCULF , a Gallican See also:bishop and See also:pilgrim-traveller, who visited the See also:Levant about 68o, and was the earliest See also:Christian traveller and observer of any importance in the Nearer See also:East after the rise of See also:Islam. On his return he was driven by contrary winds to See also:Britain, and so came to See also:Iona, where he related his experiences to his See also:host, the See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot See also:Adamnan (679-704). This narrative, as written out by Adamnan, was presented to Aldfrith the See also:Wise, last of the See also:great Northumbrian See also:kings, at See also:York about 701, and came to the knowledge of See also:Bede, who inserted a brief See also:summary of the same in his Ecclesiastical See also:History of the See also:English Nation, and also See also:drew up a See also:separate and longer See also:digest which obtained great popularity throughout the See also:middle ages as a See also:standard See also:guide-See also:book (the so-called Libellus de locis See also:sanctis) to the See also:Holy Places of See also:Syria. Arculf is the first to mention the See also:column at See also:Jerusalem, which claimed to See also:mark the exact centre of the Inhabited See also:Earth, and later became one of the favourite See also:Palestine wonders. Besides a valuable See also:account of the See also:principal sacred sites of See also:Judaea, See also:Samaria and See also:Galilee as they existed in the 7th See also:century, he also gives important See also:information as to See also:Alexandria and See also:Constantinople, briefly describes See also:Damascus and See also:Tyre, the See also:Nile and the Lipari volcanoes, and refers to the See also:caliph Moawiya I . (A.D. 661-68o), whom he pictures as befriending Christians and rescuing the " sudarium " of See also:Christ from the See also:Jews. Arculf's See also:record is especially useful from its plans, See also:drawn from See also:personal observation by the traveller himself, of the churches of the Holy See also:Sepulchre and of See also:Mount See also:Sion in Jerusalem, of the See also:Ascension on Olivet and of See also:Jacob's well at Sichem. It is also a useful See also:witness to the prosperity and See also:trade of Alexandria after the Moslem See also:conquest: it tells us how the Pharos was still lit up every See also:night; and it gives us (from Constantinople) the first See also:form of the See also:story of St See also:George which ever seems to have attracted See also:notice in Britain.
Thirteen See also:MSS. of the See also:original Arculf-Adamnan narrative exist, and fully too of Bede's abridgment: of the former, the most important, containing all the plans, are (I) See also:Bern, See also:Canton Library, 582, of 9th cent. ; (2) See also:Paris, See also:National Library, See also:Lat. 13,048, of 9th cent. ; a third MS., See also:London, B. See also:Mus., See also:Cotton, Tib. D. V., of 8th—9th cents., though damaged by See also:fire and lacking the illustrations, is of value for the See also:text, being the See also:oldest of all. Among See also:editions the first is of 1619, by Gretser; the best, that of 1877, by Tobler, in Itinera et Descriptiones Terrae Sanctae; we may also mention that of 1870, by Delpit, in his Essai sur See also:les anciens pelerinages a Jerusalem; see also Delpit's remarks upon Arculf in the same See also:work, pp. 260-304; Beazley, See also:Dawn of See also:Modern See also:Geography, i. 131-40 (1897).
End of Article: ARCULF
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