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See also:ALCUIN (Marmara) , a celebrated ecclesiastic and See also:man of learning in the 8th See also:century, who liked to be called by the Latin name of See also:ALBINUS, and at the See also:Academy of the See also:palace took the surname of See also:FLACCUS, was See also:born at Eboracum (See also:York) in 735. He was related to See also:Willibrord, the first See also:bishop of See also:Utrecht, whose See also:biography he afterwards wrote. He was educated at the See also:cathedral school of York, under the celebrated See also:master 'Elbert, with 'whom he also went to See also:Rome in See also:search of See also:manuscripts. When 'Elbert was appointed See also:archbishop of York in 766, Alcuin succeeded him in the headship of the episcopal school. He again went to Rome in 78o, to fetch the See also:pallium for Archbishop Eanbald, and at See also:Parma met See also:Charlemagne, who persuaded him to come to his See also:court, and gave him the See also:possession of the See also:great abbeys of Ferrieres and of See also:Saint-Loup at See also:Troyes. The See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king counted on him to accomplish the great See also:work which was his See also:dream, namely, to make the See also:Franks See also:familiar with the rules of the Latin See also:language, to create See also:schools and to revive learning. From 781 to 790 Alcuin was his See also:sovereign's See also:principal helper in this enterprise. He had as pupils the king of the Franks, the members of his See also:family and the See also:young clerics attached to the palace See also:chapel; he was the See also:life and soul of the Academy of the palace, and we have still, in the See also:Dialogue of Pepin (son of Charlemagne) and Alcuin, a See also:sample of the intellectual exercises in which they indulged. It was under his See also:inspiration that See also:Charles wrote his famous See also:letter de litteris colendis (Boretius, Capitularia, i. p. 78), and it was he who founded a See also:fine library in the palace. In 790 Alcuin returned to his own See also:country, to which he had always been greatly attached, and stayed there some See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time; but Charlemagne needed him to combat the Adoptianist See also:heresy, which was at that time making great progress in the See also:marches of See also:Spain. At the See also:council of See also:Frankfort in 794 Alcuin. upheld the orthodox See also:doctrine, and obtained the condemnation of the heresiarch See also:Felix of Urgel. After this victory he again returned to his own See also:land, but on See also:account of the disturbances which See also:broke out there, and which led to the See also:death of King !See also:Ethelred (796), he bade farewell to it for ever. Charlemagne had just given him the great See also:abbey of St See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin at See also:Tours, and there, far from the disturbed life of the court, he passed his last years. He made the abbey school into a See also:model of excellence, and many students flocked to it; .he had numerous manuscripts copied, the calligraphy of which is of extraordinary beauty (v. See also:Leopold See also:Delisle in the Memoires de l'Academie See also:des See also:Inscriptions, vol. xxxii., 1st See also:part, 1885). He wrote numerous letters to his See also:friends in See also:England, to See also:Arno, bishop of See also:Salzburg, and above all to Charlemagne. These letters, of which 311 are extant, are filled chiefly with pious meditations, but they further See also:form a mine of See also:information as to the See also:literary and social conditions of the time, and are the most reliable authority for the See also:history of See also:humanism in the Carolingian See also:age. He also trained the numerous monks of the
ALCUIN
abbey in piety, and it was in the midst of these pursuits that he was struck down by death on the 19th of May 804.
Alcuin is the most prominent figure of the Carolingian See also:Renaissance, in which have been distinguished three See also:main periods: in the first of these, up to the arrival of Alcuin at the court, the Italians occupy the See also:chief See also:place; in the second, Alcuin and the Anglo-See also:Saxons are dominant; in the third, which begins in 804, the See also:influence of the Goth See also:Theodulf is preponderant. Alcuin transmitted to the ignorant Franks the knowledge of Latin culture which had existed in England since the time of See also:Bede. We still have a number of his See also:works. His letters have already been mentioned; his See also:poetry is equally interesting. Besides some graceful epistles in the See also:style of See also:Fortunatus, he wrote some See also:long poems, and notably a whole history in See also:verse of the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church at York: Versus de patribus, regibus et See also:sanctis Eboracensis ecclesiae. We owe to him, too, some manuals used in his educational.work; a See also:grammar and works on See also:rhetoric and dialectics. They are written in the form of dialogues, and in the two last the interlocutors are King Charles and Alcuin. He wrote, finally, several theological See also:treatises: a See also:treatise de Fide Trinitatis, commentaries on the See also:Bible, &c. The See also:complete works of Alcuin have been edited by See also:Froben: Alcuini See also:opera, 1 vol. in 4 parts (See also:Regensburg, 1777); this edition is reproduced in See also:Migne's Patrolog. See also:lat. vols. c. and ci. The letters have been published by Jaffe and See also:Dummler in Jaffe's Bibliotheca rerum germanicarum, vol. Vi. pp. 132-897 (1873). E. Dummler has also published an authoritative edition, Epistolae aevi Carolini, vol. ii. pp. 1-481, in the Monunienta Germaniae, and has edited the poems in the same collection: Poetae See also:latini aevi Carolini, vol. i. pp. 169-341.
End of Article: ALCUIN (Marmara)
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