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PALLIUM or See also: PALL (derived, so far as the name is concerned, from the See also:Roman pallium or See also:palla, a woollen cloak), an ecclesiastical vestment in the Roman See also:Catholic See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, originally See also:peculiar to the See also:pope, but for many centuries past bestowed by him on all metropolitans, See also:primates and archbishops as a See also:symbol of the See also:jurisdiction delegated to them by the See also:Holy See. The pallium, in its See also:present See also:form, is a narrow See also:band, " three fingers broad," See also:woven of See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white See also:lamb's See also:wool, with a See also:loop in the centre resting on the shoulders over the chr uble, and two dependent lappets, before and behind; so that when seen from front or back the See also:ornament resembles the See also:letter Y. It is decorated with six See also:purple crosses, one on each tail and four on the loop, is doubled on the See also:left See also:shoulder, and is garnished, back and front, with three jewelled See also:gold pins. The two latter characteristics seem to be survivals of the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time when the Roman pallium, like the See also:Greek c yoca6ptov was a See also:simple See also:scarf doubled and pinned on the left shoulder.
The origin of the pallium as an ecclesiastical vestment is lost in antiquity. The theory that explains it in connexion with the figure of the See also:Good Shepherd carrying the lamb on his shoulders, so See also:common in See also:early See also:Christian See also:art, is obviously an explanation a posteriori. The ceremonial connected with the preparation of the pallium and its bestowal upon the pope at his See also:coronation, however, suggests some such symbolism. The See also:lambs whose wool is destined for the making of the pallia are solemnly presented at the See also:altar by the nuns of the See also:convent of St See also:Agnes at
See also:Rome at See also:mass on St Agnes' See also:day, during the singing of the Agnes Dei. They are received by the canons of the Lateran church and handed over by them to the apostolic subdeacons, by whom they are put out to pasture till the time of shearing. The pallia fashioned of their wool by the nuns are carried by the subdeacons to St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's, where they are placed by the canons on the bodies of St Peter and St See also:Paul, under the high altar, for a See also:night, then committed to the subdeacons for safe custody. A pallium thus consecrated is placed by the See also:archdeacon over the shoulders of the pope at his coronation, with the words " Receive the pallium," i.e. the plenitude of the pontifical See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office, " to the See also:glory of See also:God, and of the most glorious Virgin His See also:Mother, and of the blessed apostles St Peter and St Paul, and of the Holy Roman Church."
(See also:Drawn by See also:Father J. Braun, and reproduced from his See also:Die liturgische Gewandung by permission of B. See also: Herder.)
See also:Illustration of the Development of the Pallium.
The elaborate ceremonial might suggest an effort to symbolize the command " Feed My lambs!" given to St Peter, and its transference to Peter's successors. Some such See also:idea underlies the See also:developed ceremonial; but the pallium itself was in its origin no more than an See also:ensign of the episcopal dignity, as it remains in the See also:East, where—under the name of d, o¢opwov (c os, shoulder, 4fpew, to carry)—it is worn by all bishops. More-over, whatever symbolism may be evolved from the lambs' wool is vitiated, so far as origins are concerned, by the fact that the papal pallia were at one time made of white See also:linen (see Johannes Diaconus, Vita S. Gregorii M. See also:lib. IV. cap. 8, pallium ejus bysso candente contextum).'
The right to See also:wear the pallium seems, in the first instance, to have been conceded by the popes merely as a See also:mark of See also:honour. The first recorded example of the bestowal of the pallium by the popes is the See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant of Pope See also:Symmachus in 513 to Caesarius of See also:Arles, as papal See also:vicar. By the time of See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory I. it was given not only to vicars but as a mark of honour to distinguish bishops, and it is still conferred on the bishops of See also:Autun, See also:Bamberg, Doi, See also:Lucca, See also:Ostia, See also:Pavia and See also:Verona. St See also:Boniface caused a reforming See also:synod, between 84o and 85o, to See also:decree that in future all metropolitans must seek their pallium at Rome (see Boniface's letter to See also:Cuthbert, 78, Monumenta Germaniae, epistolae, III.); and though this See also:rule was not universally followed even until the 13th See also:century, it is now uncanonical for an See also:arch-See also:bishop to exercise the functions proper to his office until the pallium has been received. Every See also:archbishop must apply for it, personally or by depu , within three months after his See also:consecration. and it is buriewith him at his See also:death (see ARCHBISHOP). The pallium is never granted until after See also:payment of consider-able dues. This payment, originally supposed to be voluntary, became one of the See also: great abuses of the papacy, especially during the See also:period of the See also:Renaissance, and it was the large amount (raised largely by indulgences) which was paid by See also:Albert, arch-bishop of See also:Mainz, to the papacy that roused See also:Luther to protest. Though the pallium is thus a vestment distinctive of bishops having See also:metropolitan jurisdiction, it may only be worn by them within their jurisdiction, and then only on certain See also:solemn occasions. The pope alone has the right to wear everywhere and at all times a vestment which is held to symbolize the plenitude of ecclesiastical See also:power.
See P. See also:Hinschius, Kirchenrecht, II. 23 sqq.; Gresar, " Das romische Pallium and die altesten liturgischen Scharpen " (in Festschrift zum See also:elf hundertjahrigen Jubildum See also:des campo santo in Rom, See also:Freiburg, 1897); Du Cange, Glossarium s.v. " Pallium "; See also:Joseph Braun, Die liturgische Gewandung See also:im Occident and Orient (Freiburg-i-B., 1907). _
PALL-MALL, an obsolete See also:English See also:game of See also:French origin, called in See also:France paille-maille (from palla, See also:ball, and malleus, See also:mallet). See also:Sir See also:Robert Dallington, in his Method for Travel (1598), says: " Among all the exercises of France, I prefer none before the Paille-Maille." See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James I., in his Basilikon doron, recommended it as a proper game for See also:Prince See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry, and it was actually introduced into See also:England in the reign of See also:Charles I., or perhaps a few years earlier. See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Blount's Glossographia (ed. 167o) describes it as follows: " See also:Pale Maille, a game wherein a See also:round bowle is with a mallet struck through a high arch of See also:iron (See also:standing at either end of an See also:alley), which he that can do at the fewest blows, or at the number agreed on, wins. This game was hereto-fore used in the See also:long-alley near St James's, and vulgarly called See also:Pell-Mell." The See also:pronunciation here described as " vulgar " afterwards became classic. A mallet and balls used in the game were found in 1845 and are now in the See also: British Museum. The mallet resembles that used in See also:croquet, but its See also:head is curved and its ends sloped towards the See also:shaft. The balls are of See also:boxwood and about one See also:foot in circumference. See also:Pepys describes the alley as of hard See also:sand " dressed with powdered See also:cockle-shells." The length of the alley varied, that at St James's being about 800 yds. Some alleys had See also:side walls.
' Father Joseph Braun, S.J., holds that the pallium, unlike other See also:vestments, had a liturgical origin, and that it was akin to the scarves of office worn by priests and priestesses in See also:pagan See also:rites. See Die pontifacalen Gewdnder des Abendlandes, p. 174 (Freiburg-i-B. 1898).
End of Article: PALLIUM
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