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HOPKINS, SAMUEL (1721–1803)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 685 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HOPKINS, See also:SAMUEL (1721–1803) , See also:American theologian, from whom the Hopkinsian See also:theology takes its name, was See also:born at See also:Waterbury, See also:Connecticut, on the 17th of See also:September .1721. He graduated at Yale See also:College in 1741; studied divinity at See also:Northampton, See also:Massachusetts, with See also:Jonathan See also:Edwards; was licensed to preach in 1742, and in See also:December 1743 was ordained pastor of the See also:church in the See also:North See also:Parish of See also:Sheffield, or Housatonick (now See also:Great See also:Barrington), Massachusetts, at that See also:time a small See also:settlement of only See also:thirty families. There he laboured—See also:preaching, studying and See also:writing—until 1769, for See also:part of the time (1751–1758) in intimate association with his old teacher, Edwards, whose See also:call to See also:Stockbridge he had been instrumental in procuring. His theological views having met with much opposition, however, he was finally dismissed from the pastorate on the pretext of want of funds for his support. From See also:April 1770 until his See also:death on the loth of December 1803, he was the pastor of the First Church in See also:Newport, Rhode See also:Island, though during 1776-1780, while Newport was occupied by the See also:British, he preached at See also:Newburyport, See also:Mass., and at See also:Canterbury and See also:Stamford. See also:Conn. In 1799 he had an attack of See also:paralysis, from which he never wholly recovered. Hopkins's theological views have had a powerful See also:influence in See also:America. Personally he was remarkable for force and See also:energy of See also:character, and for the utter fearlessness with which he followed premises to their conclusions. in vigour of See also:intellect and in strength and purity of moral See also:tone he was hardly inferior to Edwards himself. Though he was originally a slave-holder, to him belongs the See also:honour of having been the first among the Congregational ministers of New See also:England to denounce See also:slavery both by See also:voice and See also:pen; and to his persistent though bitterly opposed efforts are probably chiefly to be attributed the See also:law of 1774, which forbade the importation of See also:negro slaves into Rhode Island, as also that of 1784, which declared that all See also:children of slaves born in Rhode Island after the following See also:March should be See also:free. His training school for negro missionaries to See also:Africa was broken up by the confusion of the American See also:War of See also:Independence. Among his publications are a valuable See also:Life and Character of Jonathan Edwards (1799), and numerous See also:pamphlets, addresses and sermons, including A See also:Dialogue concerning the Slavery of the Africans, showing it to be the See also:Duty and See also:Interest of the American States to emancipate all their See also:African Slaves (1776), and A Discourse upon the Slave See also:Trade and the See also:History of the Africans (1793).

His distinctive theological tenets are to be found in his important See also:

work, A See also:System of Doctrines Contained in Divine See also:Revelation, Explained and Defended (1793), which has had an influence hardly inferior to that exercised by the writings of Edwards himself. They maybe summed up as follows: See also:God so rules the universe as to See also:pro-duce its highest happiness, considered as a whole. Since God's See also:sovereignty is See also:absolute, See also:sin must be, by divine permission, a means by which this happiness of the whole is secured, though that this is its consequence, renders it no less heinous in the sinner. Virtue consists in preference for the See also:good of the whole to any private See also:advantage; hence the really virtuous See also:man must willingly accept any disposition of himself that God may deem See also:wise—a See also:doctrine often called " willingness to be damned." All have natural See also:power to choose the right, and are therefore responsible for their acts; but all men lack inclination to choose the right unless the existing " See also:bias " of their See also:wills is transformed by the power of God from self-seeking into an effective inclination towards virtue. Hence preaching should demand instant sub-See also:mission to God and disinterested See also:goodwill, and should See also:teach the worthlessness of all religious acts or dispositions which are less than these, while recognizing that God can See also:grant or withhold the regenerative See also:change at his See also:pleasure. The best edition of Hopkins's See also:Works is that published in three volumes at See also:Boston in 1852, containing an excellent See also:biographical See also:sketch by See also:Professor Edwards A. See also:Park. In 1854 was published separately Hopkins's See also:Treatise on the See also:Millennium, which originally appeared in his System of Doctrines and in which he deduced from prophecies in See also:Daniel and Revelation that the millennium would come " not far from the end of the twentieth See also:century." See also See also:Stephen See also:West's Sketches of the Life of the See also:Late See also:Reverend Samuel Hopkins (See also:Hartford, Conn., 1805), See also:Franklin B. See also:Dexter's Biographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College and Williston See also:Walker's Ten New England Leaders (New See also:York, 1901). (W.

End of Article: HOPKINS, SAMUEL (1721–1803)

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