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BREDA , a fortified See also:town in the See also:province of See also:North See also:Brabant, See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland, at the confluence of the canalized See also:rivers Merk and Aa, 15 m. by See also:rail E.N.E. of Roozendaal. Pop. (1900) 26,296. It is connected by See also:steam See also:tramway with See also:Antwerp (30 M. S.S.W.), and with Geertruidenberg in the north, and the See also:island of Duiveland on the See also:west. The fortress of Breda, which was once considered impregnable, has been dismantled, but the town is still protected by extensive lines of fortification and lies in the midst of a See also:district which can be readily laid under See also:water. It has a See also:fine See also:quay, town-See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall and See also:park. There are several See also:Roman See also:Catholic and See also:Protestant churches. The See also:principal Protestant See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church is a See also:Gothic See also:building dating from the end of the 13th See also:century, with a fine See also:tower, and a See also:choir of later date (1410). Among the many interesting monuments is the imposing See also:tomb of the See also:stadtholder See also:Count Engelbert II. of See also:Nassau and his wife. This is the See also:work of Tomasino Vincenz of See also:Bologna, who, though a See also:- PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)
pupil of See also:Raphael in See also:painting, in See also:sculpture followed See also:Michelangelo, to whom the work is some-times ascribed. Since 1828 Breda has been the seat of a royalmilitary See also:academy for all arms of the service.
It also possesses a Latin school, an See also:arsenal, and a See also:modern See also:prison built on the isolated-See also:cell principle. The prison is in the See also:form of a rotunda, 58 yds. in See also:diameter, and covered by a high See also:dome. In the See also:middle is the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of the See also:administration, and on the See also:top of this a small See also:watch-tower. See also:Round the walls of the rotunda are the cells, 208 in number, and arranged in four tiers with balconies reached by See also:iron staircases. Each cell See also:measures 35 cub. yds., is provided with an electric See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
bell communicating with the warder in the tower, heated by hot-See also:air pipes, and lighted by See also:day through a window on the See also:outer See also:wall of the rotunda, and from sunset till ten o'See also:clock by electric See also:light. The See also:industries of Breda comprise the manufacture of See also:linen and woollen goods, carpets, hats, See also:beer and musical See also:instruments. In the neighbourhood of the town are the villages of Ginneken and Prinsenhage, situated in the midst of See also:pretty See also:pine See also:woods. They form favourite places of excursion, and in the woods at Ginneken is a Kneipp See also:sanatorium.
See also:History.—Breda was in the r, th century a See also:direct See also:fief of the See also:Holy Roman See also:Empire, its earliest known See also:lord being See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry I. (1098-1125), in whose See also:family it continued, though, from the latter See also:part of the 13th century, in the See also:female See also:line, until Alix, heiress of See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip (d. 1323), sold it to Brabant. In 1350 the fief was resold to See also:John (See also:Jan) of Polanen (d.
1377), the heiress of whose line, See also:Joanna (d. 1445), married Engelbert of Nassau-Dillenburg (d. 1442). Henceforth it remained in the See also:house of Nassau, passing ultimately to See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William I. (1533-1584), the first stadtholder of the See also:Netherlands. Breda obtained municipal rights in 1252, but was first surrounded with walls in 1534 by Count Henry of Nassau, who also restored the old See also:castle, originally built by John of Polanen in 1350. From this See also:period until See also:late in the 19th century it remained the most important of the line of fortresses along the See also:Meuse. Breda was captured by surprise by the Spaniards in 1581; but in 1590 it See also:fell again into the hands of See also:Maurice of Nassau, 68 picked men contriving to get into the town concealed under the See also:turf in a See also:peat-See also:boat. The so-called " Spaniard's Hole " still marks the spot where the peat-boat See also:lay. Its surrender in 1625, after a ten months' See also:siege, to the Spaniards under See also:Spinola is the subject of the famous picture by Velasquez in the Museo del Prado in See also:Madrid. In 1637 Breda was recaptured by See also:Frederick Henry of See also:Orange after a four months' siege, and in 1648 it was finally ceded to Holland by the treaty of See also:Westphalia. During the See also:wars of the See also:French Revolution, it was taken by See also:Dumouriez in 1793, evacuated soon after and retaken by See also:Pichegru in 1795, after the whole of Holland had already succumbed to the French.
In 1813, a sally being made by the French See also:garrison on an advance-guard of the Russians under Benckendorff, the citizens of Breda again made themselves masters of the town.
Breda was the See also:residence, during his See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile, of See also:Charles II., who, by the See also:declaration of Breda (1660), made known the conditions of his See also:acceptance of the See also:crown of See also:England. In 1696 William, See also:prince of Orange and See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of England, built the new castle, one of the finest buildings of the period, which now serves as the military academy. Breda also derives some celebrity from the various See also:political congresses of which it has been the See also:scene. In 1575 a See also:conference was held here between the ambassadors of See also:Spain and those of the See also:United Provinces; in 1667 a See also:peace was signed between England, Holland, See also:France and See also:Denmark; and in 1746–1747 the representatives of the same See also:powers met in the town to discuss the terms of another treaty.
End of Article: BREDA
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