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BARCLAY, ROBERT (1648-1690)

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 395 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BARCLAY, See also:ROBERT (1648-1690) , one of the most eminent writers belonging to the Society of See also:Friends, or See also:Quakers, was See also:born in 1648 at Gordonstown in Morayshire. His See also:father had served under Gustavus See also:Adolphus, and pursued a somewhat tortuous course through the troubles of the See also:civil See also:war. Robert was sent to finish his See also:education in See also:Paris, and it appears he was at one See also:time inclined to accept the See also:Roman See also:Catholic faith. In 1667, however, he followed the example of his father, and joined the recently formed Society of Friends. In 167o he married a Quaker See also:lady, See also:Christian Mollison of See also:Aberdeen. He was an ardent theological student, a See also:man of warm feelings and considerable See also:mental See also:powers,, and he soon came prominently forward as the leading apologist of the new See also:doctrine, winning his spurs in a controversy with one See also:William See also:Mitchell. The publication of fifteen Theses Theologiae (1676) led to a public discussion in Aberdeen, each See also:side claiming a victory. The most prominent of the Theses was that bearing on immediate See also:revelation, in which the superiority of this inner See also:light to See also:reason or scripture is sharply stated. His greatest See also:work, An See also:Apology for the True Christian Divinity, was published in Latin at See also:Amsterdam in 1676, and was an elaborate statement of the grounds for holding certain fundamental positions laid down in the Theses. It was translated by its author into See also:English in 1678, and is " one of the most impressive theological writings of the See also:century." It breathes a large tolerance and is still perhaps the most important manifesto of the Quaker Society. Barclay experienced to some extent the persecutions inflicted on the new society, and was several times thrown into See also:prison. He travelled extensively in See also:Europe (once with See also:Penn and See also:George See also:Fox), and had several interviews with See also:Elizabeth, princess See also:palatine.

In later years he had much See also:

influence with See also:James II., who as See also:duke of See also:York had given to twelve members of the society a patent of the See also:province of See also:East New See also:Jersey, Barclay being made See also:governor (1682-88). He is said to have visited James with a view to making terms of See also:accommodation with William of See also:Orange, whose arrival was then imminent. He died on the 3rd of 9ctober 169o.

End of Article: BARCLAY, ROBERT (1648-1690)

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